Head and Neck Anatomy 1 Flashcards
What are the cranial bones?
- Frontal
- Parietal (x2)
- Ethmoid
- Occipital
- Temporal (x2)
- Sphenoid
What are the facial bones?
- Lacrimal (2)
- Maxilla (2)
- Nasal (2)
- Inferior concha (2)
- Palatine (2)
- Vomer (1)
- Zygoma (2)
- Mandible (1)
What are the 3 cranial sutures?
- Coronal
- Sagittal
- Lambdoid
When do anterior fontanelles close?
At about 2 years old
When do posterior fontanelles close?
At about 2 months old
What are fontanelles?
The holes/space in between the bones of the skull
can become really big and pressurised when there is something wrong with a baby
If a baby is dehydrated what happens to the fontanelles?
They become depressed
What bones are included in the cranial base?
All cranial bones apart from the parietal bones
The occipital bone is one of the largest bones in the skull, How many bones is this made up of?
4 bones
What is the foramen magnum?
A hole in the occipital bone of the skull where the brainstem goes down
What is the mastoid process?
A conical prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear, to which neck muscles are attached, and which has air space linked to the middle ear
What is the thinnest bone in the body?
The lacrimal bone
What does the zygoma act as?
A crash barrier which absorbs impact from trauma
- It transmits pressure and transfers it through the temporal bone
What does the cranial vault consist of?
- Frontal bone
- Occipital bone
- Parietal bone
- Temporal bone
What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
CN3 and CN4 and first branch of CN5
If you need to numb the palate what can you go through to do this?
The incisive canal
If all bones of the maxilla are not developed properly what can this cause?
- A cleft lip and palate
- Can cause problems with speech and communication
What does the nasopalatine nerve supply?
The front 6 teeth
What is down the middle of the nasal septum and what 2 bones are further back?
- Cartilage down the middle
- Ethmoid and vomer bones further back
Which main artery supplies the head and neck?
Common carotid artery
What are the 2 branches of the common carotid artery that supply the head and neck?
Internal carotid artery
- Supplies about 80% of all brain blood supply
External carotid artery
- Several branches supplying the exterior of the head and neck
What is the pneumonic for the arterial blood supply of the head?
Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS
What are the different arterial and venous blood supplies of the head?
- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What 3 things sit inside the parotid gland?
- External carotid artery
- Retromandibular vein
- Facial nerve
What is the main vein that drains the brain and what does it drain?
Internal jugular vein: drains the cerebrum, inside of the skull and most of the external structures of the head and neck
What does the cavernous sinus include within it?
- A big vein: jugular
- An artery: internal carotid
- Nerves: cranial nerves
What is the Dural venous sinus?
Folds of the dura (fibrous tissue), not strictly blood vessels
-Drains all of the brain
What are the 3 meninges of the brain?
- Dura mater (outside)
- Arachnoid mater (middle)
- Pia mater (inside)
What is important about the cavernous sinus?
- It joins al of the veins at the front of the face
- There is a danger triangle which sits at the nose - if pick spots infection can get into the vein and go to the cavernous sinus which can cause problems
What are pulses?
Pressure waves in the artery caused by contraction of the left ventricle which corresponds to the heartbeat
Where are pulses easily detected?
On superficial arteries as they pass over bony prominences
What is the normal rate of pulses?
60-80 BPM
Where on the head and neck can you check for pulses?
- Temporal pulse
- Carotid pulse
- Facial pulse
Which cranial nerves majorly supply the face?
CN V, VII, IX and XII
*V most important for dentists
What kind of nerve is the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and what other nerves does it supply?
- Sensory nerve
- supratrochlear nerve
- supraorbital nerve
- lacrimal nerve
- nasociliary nerve
What kind of nerve is the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve and what does it supply?
- Sensory nerve
- Zygomatic nerve
- infraorbital nerve
- anterior, middle and superior alveolar nerves
Supplies to all upper teeth
What kind of nerve is the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and what does it supply?
- Mixed nerve
- Motor to muscles of mastication
- Sensory - auriculotemporal nerve/lingual nerve/ buccal nerve/ inferior alveolar nerve
