Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS1 Head and Neck Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A
  • Olfactory
  • Optic
  • Oculomotor
  • Trochlear
  • Trigeminal
  • Abducens
  • Facial
  • Vestibulocochlear
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Spinal accessory
  • Hypoglossal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the varieties of motor to voluntary muscle controls of the cranial nerves?

A
  1. Somatic motor

2. Branchial motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some of the muscles/glands affected by motor to involuntary muscle nerve supply?

A
  • Sphincter pupillae

- Lacrimal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the variety of sensory controls of the cranial nerves?

A
  1. From viscera e.g. lungs, bronchi
  2. General sensation e.g. touch, pain
  3. Special senses e.g. taste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of nerve is the olfactory nerve?

A

Special sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which is the only cranial nerve able to regenerate?

A

Olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of epithelium is the olfactory nerve made up of?

A

Olfactory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of the olfactory nerve?

A
  • Smell from nasal mucosa of each nasal cavity, nasal septum and superior conchae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is anosmia?

A
  • Inability to smell

- Epithelial cells are blocked with mucous - olfactory nerve not working properly but will regenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of nerve is the optic nerve?

A

Special sensory: for vision - allows you to see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is different about the optic nerve cell endings in the retina?

A

They are turned upside down - nerve cells are round the wrong way in the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit?

A

Through the orbital/optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the eye get its vision from?

A

The retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What condition can affect the optic nerve?

A
  • Multiple sclerosis: causes degeneration of the nerve fibre of the eye
  • Targets the optic nerve - nerve loses the myelin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of nerve is the oculomotor nerve?

A
  • Somatic motor

- Visceral motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If the oculomotor nerve is affected what will happen to the eye on the affected side?

A
  • Eye will go down and out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What muscles does the somatic motor part of the oculomotor nerve affect and what are their functions?

A
  • Superior rectus: for looking up
  • Medial rectus: moves eye towards the middle
  • Inferior oblique: moves eyes outwards and upwards
  • Levator palpebrae: holds eyelids open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the visceral motor part of the oculomotor do to the P/S?

A

P/S to sphincter pupillae (constricts eye) and ciliary muscle (allows you to look at near and far objects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Compression of the oculomotor nerve may occur due to raised intercranial pressure. What may this be a result of?

A

Could be due to a number of reasons. Might be:

  • Bleed
  • Tumour
  • Cancer etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What kind of nerve is the trochlear nerve?

A

Somatic motor: affects muscles around the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the trochlear nerve located?

A

In the midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve to the superior oblique. What does this do?

A

Pulls eye down and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is diplopia in the eyes?

A

Double vision

- Can result in isolated palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What kind of nerve is the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

General sensory (like touch, pain and temperature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where do you get sensation from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Cornea
  • Skin of forehead
  • Scalp
  • Eyelids
  • Nose
  • Mucosa of nasal cavities
  • Paranasal sinuses
26
Q

What kind of nerve is the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

General sensory (like tough, taste and temperature)

27
Q

Where do you get sensation from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Face over maxilla
  • Upper lip
  • Maxillary teeth
  • Maxillary sinuses
28
Q

What kind of nerve is the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

General sensory

29
Q

Where do you get sensation from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Side of the mandible
  • Mandibular teeth
  • Mucosa of the mouth
  • Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
30
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?

A

The facial nerve

31
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

The trigeminal nerve

32
Q

What kind of nerve is the abducens nerve?

A

Somatic motor

33
Q

Where does the abducens nerve arise from?

A

The pons

34
Q

The abducens nerve is a motor nerve to the lateral rectus muscle. What does this do?

A

Moves the eye from side to side

35
Q

What does the pneumonic LR6 SO4 AR3 mean?

A
  • Lateral rectus: supplied by CN6 (abducens)
  • Superior oblique: supplied by CN4 (trochlear)
  • All the rest (of the eye): supplied by CN3 (oculomotor)
36
Q

What is the clinical test for the facial nerve?

A

Tell patient what you are going to do before yo do it - then ask them to raise their eyebrows, close their eyes really tight and then puff out their cheeks

37
Q

What are the 3 types of facial nerve?

A
  • Branchial motor
  • Special sensory
  • Visceral motor
38
Q

What does the branchial motor division of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • Motor to muscles of facial expression, scalp and stapedius
39
Q

Where is the stapedius muscle found in the body and what does it do?

A
  • Smallest muscle in the body, found in the ear
  • Purpose is to contract and protect inner ear organs by dampening the noise
  • If the patient has a problem they will say that noises are louder in one ear compared tot he other ear
40
Q

What does the special sensory division of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • Taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue and palate
41
Q

Which nerve supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and palate?

A

The facial nerve

42
Q

What does the visceral motor division of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • P/S to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands and glands of the nose and palate
  • Goes through, but does not supply the parotid gland
43
Q

What kind of nerve is the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Special sensory

44
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve allows hearing from the spiral organ. What is this?

A

The inner ear

45
Q

What is an internal acoustic neuroma?

A
  • Slow growing tumours: benign and grow about 1mm per year
  • Concern: to try to get the tumour have to go in behind ear, through under the skull and the brain to get to the tumour, then have to get the tumour out
  • It is right beside the facial nerve and cerebellum - if have any cut of the facial nerve will result in facial paralysis
46
Q

What are the different sections of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  • Somatic motor
  • Visceral motor
  • Visceral sensory
  • Special sensory
  • Somatic sensory
47
Q

What is the function of the somatic motor branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Motor to stylopharyngeus

48
Q

What is the function of the visceral motor branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

P/S to parotid gland

49
Q

What is the function of the visceral sensory branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Parotid gland, pharynx, middle ear

50
Q

What is the function of the special sensory branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

51
Q

What is the function of the somatic sensory branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  • External ear and TINY bit of sensation to inside of ear
52
Q

What are the different branches of the vagus nerve?

A
  • Somatic motor
  • Visceral motor
  • Visceral sensory
  • Special sensory
  • General sensory
53
Q

What is the clinical test for the vagus nerve?

A
  • Get patient to say ‘ahhh’: if uvula swings over to one side then there is a potential problem
  • If there is a problem the patient won’t be able to swallow properly and their gag reflex may not be there
54
Q

What is the function of the somatic motor branch of the vagus nerve?

A
  • Muscles of pharynx
  • Intrinsic muscles of larynx
  • Muscles of palate
  • Muscle in upper 2/3 of oesophagus
55
Q

What is the function of the visceral motor branch of the vagus nerve?

A

P/S to trachea, bronchi, GIT and heart

56
Q

What is the function of the visceral sensory branch of the vagus nerve?

A
  • Tongue
  • Larynx
  • Respiratory tract
  • Heart
  • Upper GI to left colic flexure
57
Q

What is the function of the special sensory branch of the vagus nerve?

A

Supplies taste to the epiglottis and palate

58
Q

What is the function of the general sensory branch of the vagus nerve?

A
  • Auricle

- External auditory meatus

59
Q

What kind of nerve is the spinal accessory nerve?

A
  • Somatic motor
60
Q

What muscles does the spinal accessory nerve effect?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid (turns neck towards opposite side)

- Trapezius

61
Q

What kind of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Somatic motor

62
Q

What is the function of the somatic motor branch of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (EXCEPT palatoglossus)

BDS1 Head and Neck Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions