Head and Neck Flashcards
A patient comes in to see you complaining of hearing loss. You perform Rinnes and Webers test and find that Rinnes air>bone in both ears. Webers localises to right. What kind of hearing loss is this?
Select one:
a. Sensorineural hearing loss right ear
b. Normal hearing
c. Sensorineural hearing loss left ear
d. Bilateral conductive hearing loss
e. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
c. Sensorineural hearing loss left ear
Which of the following is NOT a cause of vertigo?
Select one:
a. Labyrinthitis
b. Postural hypotension
c. Migraines
d. Meniere’s disease
e. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
b. Postural hypotension
When would we use the Epley manouver?
Select one:
a. To treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
b. To diagnose Meniere’s disease
c. To treat Meniere’s disease
d. To diagnose benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
e. To grade severity of labyrinthitis
a. To treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
A 47 year old patient comes in to see you with right sided facial weakness. He cannot close his right eye, has drooping of the right side of his mouth and can raise his eyebrows when asked. He also says his sense of taste has disappeared. What is the likely diagnosis?
Select one:
a. Bell’s palsy
b. Horner’s syndrome
c. Transient ischaemic attack
d. Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
e. Left sided stroke
a. Bell’s palsy
What is the order of the inner ear bones, from exterior to anterior?
Select one:
a. Malleus, incus, stapes
b. Stapes, malleus, incus
c. Incus, spapes, malleus
d. Incus, melleus, stapes
e. Malleus, stapes, incus
a. Malleus, incus, stapes
What kind of hearing loss does otosclerosis cause?
Select one:
a. Conductive loss
b. Combined conductive/sensorineural loss
c. No change in hearing
d. Sensorineural loss
a. Conductive loss
Allergy is a Type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction. What antibodies are produced by the body in this response?
Select one:
a. IgE
b. IgM
c. IgG
d. IgD
A) IGE
After IgE antibodies are produced in response to an antigen, they bind to mast cells in phase called sensitisation. When the body is exposed again to this antigen, what do mast cells release in response?
Select one:
a. Prostaglandins and eosinophils
b. Histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins
c. Basophiles, prostaglandins and cytokines
d. Histamine and leukocytes
e. Histamine and basophils
b. Histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins
What is the commonest cause of epistaxis in paediatrics?
Select one:
a. Trauma
b. Foreign body
c. Nasopharyngitis
d. Nasal polyps
e. Allergy
a) trauma
What is the mainstay of treatment of treatment for nasal polyps?
Select one:
a. Oral antibiotics
b. Nasal steroids
c. Systemic steroids
d. Dietary intervention
e. Surgical intervention
b. Nasal steroids
Which of the following is most associated with acute rhinosinusitis?
Select one:
a. Strep pneumoniae
b. Strep viridans
c. Strep pyrogenes
d. Staph aureus
e. H influenza
a. Strep pneumoniae
What investigation is commonly used to identify presence and levels of allergen-specific levels of IgE?
Select one:
a. Nasal allergen challenge
b. Radioallergosorbent blood test
c. Sweat test
d. Skin patch testing
b. Radioallergosorbent blood test
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a congenital defect which develop due to failure of the obliteration of the thyroglossal duct during development. Which of the following is the most characteristic feature of a thyroglossal cyst?
Select one:
a. Transilluminates
b. Moves up with protrusion of the tongue
c. Moves when swallowing
d. Fluctuating cyst at the border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
b. Moves up with protrusion of the tongue
What method of hearing assessment would be recommended for a 6 month old child?
Select one:
a. Distraction test
b. Tympanometry
c. Pure tone audiometry
d. Play audiometry
e. Visual reinforced audiometry
a. Distraction test
A child is brought to see you with a very painful throat which has increased in severity. Upon examination you see a displaced uvula and a left-sided enlarged tonsil. What is this likely to be?
Select one:
a. Tonsillitis
b. Epiglottitis
c. Dental abscess
d. Peritonsillar abscess
e. EBV
d. Peritonsillar abscess
Rhinitis severity is classified according to ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma). Which of the following is required to be classed as persistent symptoms?
Select one:
a. >5 days/week and >5 consecutive weeks
b. <3 days a week or <3 consecutive weeks
c. >4 episodes a month
d. >4 days/week and >4 consecutive weeks
d. >4 days/week and >4 consecutive weeks
Which of the following is a commonly used scoring system for the assessment of a child with a sore throat in primary care?
Select one:
a. Blatchford score
b. CHADVASC
c. Wells score
d. CENTOR
e. New York Classification
CENTOR
The products of mast cell degranulation in response to an antigen leads to which of the following important processes? (Tick all that apply)
Select one or more: a. Leukocyte release b. Smooth muscle contraction c. Vasoconstriction Incorrect d. Vasodilation e. Decreased permeability of vessels Feedback
b. Smooth muscle contraction
Nasal polyps are very commonly associated with other conditions. Which of the following is NOT associated with nasal polyps?
Select one:
a. Allergic rhinitis
b. Churg-Strauss syndrome
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Asthma
e. Cystic fibrosis
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
What is your first line management for a patient with an active epistaxis?
Select one:
a. Topical anaesthetics
b. Silver nitrate cautery
c. Anterior nasal pressure
d. Cautery
e. Anterior nasal packing
c. Anterior nasal pressure
