Head and neck Flashcards
EPIICC HUG
Endocrine pulmonary integumentary immunologic cancer cardiovascular hepatic urogenital gastrointestinal
Thyroid gland
- Releases hormones that control metabolism
- —T3 and T4
T3 and T4 levels
- Hypothalmus and the pituitary communicate to maintain T3 and T4 balance
When T3 and T4 levels are low in the blood the pituitary gland releases more TSH to tell the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones
Hyperthyroidism
-Signs of too much T3 and T4
-Anxiety
- Irritability or moodiness
- nervousness, hyperactivity
- sweating or sensitivity to high temp
hand trembling
-hair loss
-missed or light menstrual period
Hyperthyroid related diseases
- Graves’ disease
adenoma
thyroiditis
Graves’ disease
-production of too much thyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism
-Signs of too little T3 and T4
-trouble sleeping
-tiredness and fatigue
difficulty concentrating
dry skin and hair
-depression
-sensitivity to cold temp
-frequent, heavy periods
-joint and muscle pain
hypothyroid related disorders
- hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- thyroid gland removal
- exposure to excessive amounts of iodid- cold and sinus meds
Hasimoto’s thyroiditis
-autoimmune disorder attacking thyroid tissue
Goiter
- enlarged thyroid gland
- changes in thyroid function
—if paired up with coldness, decrease sweating= hypothyroid
—if paired by palpitations, weight loss = hyperthyroidism
Hirutism
-unwanted male pattern hair growth in women
often a sign of pituitary pathology such as Cushing’s
head and neck lymph nodes
-occipital
-postauricular
-preauricular
tonsillar
-submandibular
-submental
-anterior cervical
-supraclavicular
Pituitary hormones
-Hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary gland
acromegaly
- too much growth hormone
- adults between the ages of 30 and 50
- growth hormone-releasing hormone is made by the hypothalmus, a gland in the brain situated justa bove the pituitary
-if acromegaly develops before the cessation of groeth it can cause gigantism
adult growth hormone deficiency
- usually caused by damage to the pituitary gland which controls the hypothalamus
- the damge may be due to a tumor or to the effects of treatment for the tumor
adult growth hormone deficiency symptoms
-increase in adipose
-decrease in lean body mass
-decrease in strength and stamina reduction in exercise capacity
decrease in bone density
changes in blood cholesterol
-excessive tiredness
-anxiety and depression
-feelings of social isolation
-reduction in ‘quality of life’
-increase sensitivity to cold or heat
Cushing’s Disease
- body makes too much cortisol hormone
- causes: pituitary tumor, glucocorticoid treatment : steroid for asthma, arthritis, colitis
- more women than men
- ages 30-40
Cushing’s disease symptoms
- excessibe and sudden onset of weight gain around trunk, arms and legs
- weak muscles
- moon face
- acne
- bones are weaker
- hypertension
- bruise easily
- irregular priods
- excessive hair growth
- mood swings
Diabetes insipidus
- caused by problems with either the production or action of the hormone vasopressin
- with DI your kidneys are unable to retain water
- excessive volume of urine = great thirst
hypopituitarism
- occurs if the pituitary is not producing one or more of its normal hormones, or not producing enough
- most often caused by a benign tumor of the pituitary gland, or of the hypothalmus