abdominal and low back Flashcards
1
Q
common and concerning sign of GI issues
A
- abdominal pain, acute and chronic
- indigestion, nausea, vomiting including blood
- loss of appetite
- early satiety
- dysphagia and/ or odynophagia (painful swallowing)
- change in bowel function
- diarrhea, constipation
- jaundice
2
Q
common signs of urinary and renal disorders
A
- suprapubic pain
- dysuria, urgency, or freq
- hesitancy, decr stream in amles
- polyuria, nocturia
- urinary incontinence
- hematuria
- kidney or flank pain
- ureteral colic
3
Q
visceral pain in the abdomen
A
- occurs when the abdominal organs such as intestine or biliary tree contract in an unusually forceful manner
- occurs when organs are stretched or distended
- may be difficult to localize
4
Q
referred pain in the abdomen
A
- usually felt in more distant sites which are innervated at approx. the same level as the dysfunctional structures
- often not the same as the initial site of pain but becomes more intense and travels as the original site gets worse
- may be referred to the abdomen from the chest,spine, pelvis
5
Q
acute upper abdominal pain
A
- the type of pain reported can indicate different disorders
- doubling over with cramping colicky pain indicated renal stones
- sudden knifelike epigastric pain indicates gallstone pancreatitis
6
Q
esophageal pain
–hiatus hernia
A
- occurs when cardiac (lower esophageal) sphincter becomes enlarged allowing the stomach to pass through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity
- caused by weakening of the diaphraghm, incr intra-abdominal pressure
7
Q
Hiatus Hernia symptoms
A
- regurgitation and moto impairment, aggravated by tight clothing
8
Q
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
A
- consequences from backward flow of the gastric contents into the esophagus
- occurs due to transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter not related to swallowing that allows the stomach acid to pass into the esophagus
9
Q
esophagitis
A
- necrosis of the esophageal epithelial lining that leads to erosions and ulcers
10
Q
strictures
A
narrow the esophagus secondary to scar tissue formation
11
Q
barrett esophagus
A
- precancerous condition
12
Q
GERD symptoms
A
- heartburn that may irradiate to the stomach, chest or bac
- esophageal can include cough asthma laryngitis.
- repetitive sinus issues
- sore throat
13
Q
stomach gastritis
A
- condition affecting the mucosa of the stomach
- acute: hemorrhagic or erosive
- chronic: pylori gastritis, multifocal atrophic gastritis, autoimmune metaplastic gastritis
14
Q
gastritis symptoms
A
- feeling of abdominal distention, loss of appetite, nausea
- diagnosis made with edoscopy
- can be caused by long term us of NSAIDS
15
Q
peptic ulcer disease
A
- erosion: do not extend through the muscularis muscosae
- ulcer of the stomach or duodenum
- ulcers extend down through the muscle layer destroying the muscular coat and replacing it with scar tissue
- potential for damage to blood vessels causing hemorrhage
16
Q
peptic ulcer cause
A
- NSAIDS
- low dose aspirin
- H. pylori bacteria infection
17
Q
peptic ulcer disease complications
A
- bleeding- requires hospitalization
- perforation of stomach or duodenum may occur presenting with severe sudden pain
- (T spine from T6- T10 with radiation to right upper quadrant)
18
Q
celiac disease
A
- inherited autoimmune disease where the lining of the small intestine is damaged from eating gluten and other proteins found in wheat
- gluten triggers an immune repsonse
19
Q
celiac disease symptoms
A
- diarrhea
- bloating
- indigestion
- flatulence
- weight loss
- abdominal cramping
20
Q
inflammatory bowel disease
A
- two inflammatory conditions of unknown cause involving genetic and immunologic influences on the GI tract
- – chron’s disease
- – ulcerative colitis
-bloody diarrhea, pain, weight loss
21
Q
irritable bowel syndrome
A
- abdominal pain or discomfort associated with altered bowel habits
- in the presence of inflammatory, structural or biochemical abnormalities
- women more than men
- occurs with other diagnoses such as fibro, chronic fatigue syndrome, TMJ, chronic pelvic pain
22
Q
diverticulosis disease
A
- presence of outpouchings in the walls of the small intestine of colon
- outpouchings herniate from the mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layers of the colon
23
Q
diverticulitis
A
- infection or inflammation of the diverticula
- multi-factoral disease related to diet, structural changes in the colonic wall and changes n functional motility
- don’t eat seeds, eat fiber, drink water, don’t smoke, no red meat
24
Q
ideal bowel movement
A
- medium brown, t
- leaves easily with no straining or discomfort
- it should have the consistency of toothpaste, and be approximately 4 to 8 inches long
- stool should enter the water smoothly and slowly fall once it reaches the water
- there should ne little gas or odor
25
Q
are stools greasy, frothy, or foul smelling?
A
- high fat content called steatorrhea. Lipase needed to break down fat. causes pancreatic insufficiency, chronic pancreatitis, obstruction of bile duct, bacterial growth, celiac disease. frothy- malabsorption
26
Q
is there mucus, pus or blood?
A
- mucus can be caused by inflammation in intestines
- blood, ulcers, cancer
27
Q
tenesmus
A
- constant urge to defecate, accompanied by pain, cramping and involuntary straining
28
Q
pale stool
A
- stool that is pale or grey may be caused by insufficient bile output due to conditions such as cholecytitis, gallstones, giardia parasitic infection, hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, or cirrhosis.
- Bile salts from the liver give stool its brownish color.
- if there is decr bile output, stool s much lighter in color
29
Q
adhesions
A
-tumor or other mechanical obstructions
30
Q
intussusception
A
- telescoping of the bowel on itself
- one part of the colon has folded onto another
- usually in children
- happens at junction between small and large intetsine
31
Q
volvulus
A
- torsion of the intestine
- occurs in children
32
Q
hernia
A
weakening of the abdominal wall with protrusion of the bowel in the abdominal space
33
Q
appendicitis
A
- inflammation of the appendix that can lead to rupture and necrosis
- appendix mostly lymphatic tissue
34
Q
cause of appendicitis
A
- unknown
- at least one third are accompanied by obstruction and improper drainage
35
Q
treatment for appendicitis
A
- surgical removal
- antibiotics after surgery
36
Q
gall stone types
A
- cholesterol: yellow most common
- pigment: small and dark made up of bilirubin comes from bile.
37
Q
gallstone symptoms
A
- pain in your upper belly and upper back can last for several hours
- nausea
- vomiting
- other digestive problems, including bloating, indigestion and heartburn, and gas
38
Q
pancreatitis
A
- potentially serious inflammation of the pancreas
- presents with abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting
- back pain referral to the thoracic spine
39
Q
acuet pancreatitis
A
- causes gallstones, chronic alcohol consumption
40
Q
chronic pancreatitis
A
- causes, history of severe acute pancreatitis, irreversible changes in the pancreas
41
Q
acute upper abdominal pain acute cholecystitis
A
- inflammation of the gall bladder
- gallstones cause obstruction of the bile flow and painful dissention of the gall bladder
- 4 fs: Female, fat, flatulent and forty
42
Q
acute upper aabdominal pain
–acute cholecystitis symptoms
A
- nausea vomiting
- tenderness in the right abdomen
- fever
- pain that gets worse during a deep breath
- pain for more than 6 hours, particularly after meals
43
Q
kidney
A
- filter waste from the blood, they ccreat urine
- slats and other mineral in urine stick together to form small kidney stones
44
Q
kidney stones
A
- between size of a kernel or corn and a grain of salt
- when ur body has toomcuh of certain minerals and at the same time doesn’t have enough lquid, stones can form
45
Q
kidney stone symptoms
A
- can vary severity
- most common is pain: in your side or back, below the ribs or in your groin and lower abdomen
- come and go gets better or worse
- incr need to urinate
- pain can shift location as the stone make sits way from your kidney through the ureter and closer to your bladder
- when this happens you are most likely to feel a burning when you urinate and increase urge
46
Q
diabetic nephropathy
A
- serious kidney related complication of type I or II diabetes
- up to 40% of people with diabetes eventually develop kidney disease
- over time diabetes slowly damages your filtration system
- early tx may prevent or slow disease progression and reduce the chance of complications
47
Q
diabetic nephropathy symtpoms
A
- worsening blood pressure control
- protein in urine
- swelling
- incr need to urinate
- less need for insulin or diabetes medicine
- confusion or difficulty concentrating
- loss of appetite
- nausea and vomiting
- persistent itching
- fatigue
48
Q
polycystic kidney disease
A
- inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts dvelop within your kidney
- cause kidney to enlarge and lose function
- cysts size vary
49
Q
PKD symptoms
A
- high blood pressue
- back or side pain
- headache
- feeling of fullness inyour abdomen
- incr size of your abdomen sue to enlarged kidney
- blood in urine
- kidney stones
- kidney failure
- urinary tract or kidney infections
