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Differential diagnosis > abdominal and low back > Flashcards

abdominal and low back Flashcards

1
Q

common and concerning sign of GI issues

A
  • abdominal pain, acute and chronic
  • indigestion, nausea, vomiting including blood
  • loss of appetite
  • early satiety
  • dysphagia and/ or odynophagia (painful swallowing)
  • change in bowel function
  • diarrhea, constipation
  • jaundice
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2
Q

common signs of urinary and renal disorders

A
  • suprapubic pain
  • dysuria, urgency, or freq
  • hesitancy, decr stream in amles
  • polyuria, nocturia
  • urinary incontinence
  • hematuria
  • kidney or flank pain
  • ureteral colic
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3
Q

visceral pain in the abdomen

A
  • occurs when the abdominal organs such as intestine or biliary tree contract in an unusually forceful manner
  • occurs when organs are stretched or distended
  • may be difficult to localize
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4
Q

referred pain in the abdomen

A
  • usually felt in more distant sites which are innervated at approx. the same level as the dysfunctional structures
  • often not the same as the initial site of pain but becomes more intense and travels as the original site gets worse
  • may be referred to the abdomen from the chest,spine, pelvis
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5
Q

acute upper abdominal pain

A
  • the type of pain reported can indicate different disorders
  • doubling over with cramping colicky pain indicated renal stones
  • sudden knifelike epigastric pain indicates gallstone pancreatitis
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6
Q

esophageal pain

–hiatus hernia

A
  • occurs when cardiac (lower esophageal) sphincter becomes enlarged allowing the stomach to pass through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity
  • caused by weakening of the diaphraghm, incr intra-abdominal pressure
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7
Q

Hiatus Hernia symptoms

A
  • regurgitation and moto impairment, aggravated by tight clothing
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8
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A
  • consequences from backward flow of the gastric contents into the esophagus
  • occurs due to transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter not related to swallowing that allows the stomach acid to pass into the esophagus
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9
Q

esophagitis

A
  • necrosis of the esophageal epithelial lining that leads to erosions and ulcers
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10
Q

strictures

A

narrow the esophagus secondary to scar tissue formation

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11
Q

barrett esophagus

A
  • precancerous condition
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12
Q

GERD symptoms

A
  • heartburn that may irradiate to the stomach, chest or bac
  • esophageal can include cough asthma laryngitis.
  • repetitive sinus issues
  • sore throat
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13
Q

stomach gastritis

A
  • condition affecting the mucosa of the stomach
  • acute: hemorrhagic or erosive
  • chronic: pylori gastritis, multifocal atrophic gastritis, autoimmune metaplastic gastritis
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14
Q

gastritis symptoms

A
  • feeling of abdominal distention, loss of appetite, nausea
  • diagnosis made with edoscopy
  • can be caused by long term us of NSAIDS
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15
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A
  • erosion: do not extend through the muscularis muscosae
    • ulcer of the stomach or duodenum
  • ulcers extend down through the muscle layer destroying the muscular coat and replacing it with scar tissue
  • potential for damage to blood vessels causing hemorrhage
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16
Q

peptic ulcer cause

A
  • NSAIDS
  • low dose aspirin
  • H. pylori bacteria infection
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17
Q

peptic ulcer disease complications

A
  • bleeding- requires hospitalization
  • perforation of stomach or duodenum may occur presenting with severe sudden pain
  • (T spine from T6- T10 with radiation to right upper quadrant)
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18
Q

celiac disease

A
  • inherited autoimmune disease where the lining of the small intestine is damaged from eating gluten and other proteins found in wheat
  • gluten triggers an immune repsonse
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19
Q

celiac disease symptoms

A
  • diarrhea
  • bloating
  • indigestion
  • flatulence
  • weight loss
  • abdominal cramping
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20
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A
  • two inflammatory conditions of unknown cause involving genetic and immunologic influences on the GI tract
  • – chron’s disease
  • – ulcerative colitis

-bloody diarrhea, pain, weight loss

21
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A
  • abdominal pain or discomfort associated with altered bowel habits
  • in the presence of inflammatory, structural or biochemical abnormalities
  • women more than men
  • occurs with other diagnoses such as fibro, chronic fatigue syndrome, TMJ, chronic pelvic pain
22
Q

diverticulosis disease

A
  • presence of outpouchings in the walls of the small intestine of colon
  • outpouchings herniate from the mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layers of the colon
23
Q

diverticulitis

A
  • infection or inflammation of the diverticula
  • multi-factoral disease related to diet, structural changes in the colonic wall and changes n functional motility
  • don’t eat seeds, eat fiber, drink water, don’t smoke, no red meat
24
Q

ideal bowel movement

A
  • medium brown, t
  • leaves easily with no straining or discomfort
  • it should have the consistency of toothpaste, and be approximately 4 to 8 inches long
  • stool should enter the water smoothly and slowly fall once it reaches the water
  • there should ne little gas or odor
25
Q

are stools greasy, frothy, or foul smelling?

A
  • high fat content called steatorrhea. Lipase needed to break down fat. causes pancreatic insufficiency, chronic pancreatitis, obstruction of bile duct, bacterial growth, celiac disease. frothy- malabsorption
26
Q

is there mucus, pus or blood?

A
  • mucus can be caused by inflammation in intestines

- blood, ulcers, cancer

27
Q

tenesmus

A
  • constant urge to defecate, accompanied by pain, cramping and involuntary straining
28
Q

pale stool

A
  • stool that is pale or grey may be caused by insufficient bile output due to conditions such as cholecytitis, gallstones, giardia parasitic infection, hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, or cirrhosis.
  • Bile salts from the liver give stool its brownish color.
  • if there is decr bile output, stool s much lighter in color
29
Q

adhesions

A

-tumor or other mechanical obstructions

30
Q

intussusception

A
  • telescoping of the bowel on itself
  • one part of the colon has folded onto another
  • usually in children
  • happens at junction between small and large intetsine
31
Q

volvulus

A
  • torsion of the intestine

- occurs in children

32
Q

hernia

A

weakening of the abdominal wall with protrusion of the bowel in the abdominal space

33
Q

appendicitis

A
  • inflammation of the appendix that can lead to rupture and necrosis
  • appendix mostly lymphatic tissue
34
Q

cause of appendicitis

A
  • unknown

- at least one third are accompanied by obstruction and improper drainage

35
Q

treatment for appendicitis

A
  • surgical removal

- antibiotics after surgery

36
Q

gall stone types

A
  • cholesterol: yellow most common

- pigment: small and dark made up of bilirubin comes from bile.

37
Q

gallstone symptoms

A
  • pain in your upper belly and upper back can last for several hours
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • other digestive problems, including bloating, indigestion and heartburn, and gas
38
Q

pancreatitis

A
  • potentially serious inflammation of the pancreas
  • presents with abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting
  • back pain referral to the thoracic spine
39
Q

acuet pancreatitis

A
  • causes gallstones, chronic alcohol consumption
40
Q

chronic pancreatitis

A
  • causes, history of severe acute pancreatitis, irreversible changes in the pancreas
41
Q

acute upper abdominal pain acute cholecystitis

A
  • inflammation of the gall bladder
  • gallstones cause obstruction of the bile flow and painful dissention of the gall bladder
  • 4 fs: Female, fat, flatulent and forty
42
Q

acute upper aabdominal pain

–acute cholecystitis symptoms

A
  • nausea vomiting
  • tenderness in the right abdomen
  • fever
  • pain that gets worse during a deep breath
  • pain for more than 6 hours, particularly after meals
43
Q

kidney

A
  • filter waste from the blood, they ccreat urine

- slats and other mineral in urine stick together to form small kidney stones

44
Q

kidney stones

A
  • between size of a kernel or corn and a grain of salt

- when ur body has toomcuh of certain minerals and at the same time doesn’t have enough lquid, stones can form

45
Q

kidney stone symptoms

A
  • can vary severity
  • most common is pain: in your side or back, below the ribs or in your groin and lower abdomen
  • come and go gets better or worse
  • incr need to urinate
  • pain can shift location as the stone make sits way from your kidney through the ureter and closer to your bladder
  • when this happens you are most likely to feel a burning when you urinate and increase urge
46
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A
  • serious kidney related complication of type I or II diabetes
  • up to 40% of people with diabetes eventually develop kidney disease
  • over time diabetes slowly damages your filtration system
  • early tx may prevent or slow disease progression and reduce the chance of complications
47
Q

diabetic nephropathy symtpoms

A
  • worsening blood pressure control
  • protein in urine
  • swelling
  • incr need to urinate
  • less need for insulin or diabetes medicine
  • confusion or difficulty concentrating
  • loss of appetite
  • nausea and vomiting
  • persistent itching
  • fatigue
48
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A
  • inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts dvelop within your kidney
  • cause kidney to enlarge and lose function
  • cysts size vary
49
Q

PKD symptoms

A
  • high blood pressue
  • back or side pain
  • headache
  • feeling of fullness inyour abdomen
  • incr size of your abdomen sue to enlarged kidney
  • blood in urine
  • kidney stones
  • kidney failure
  • urinary tract or kidney infections

Differential diagnosis (8 decks)

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