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06. Year 2: Alimentary System > Head and Neck 7 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 7 Flashcards

1
Q

How many fossa is the floor of the skull divided into?

A

3

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2
Q

What do grooves and depressions in the skull indicate?

A

Where, in life, blood vessels and other structures ran

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3
Q

Which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossas?

A

Sphenoid

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4
Q

What is A?

A

Frontal bone

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5
Q

What is B?

A

Olfactory foramina

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6
Q

What is C?

A

Optic canal

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7
Q

What is D?

A

Foramen rotundum

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8
Q

What is E?

A

Foramen ovale

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9
Q

What is F?

A

Foramen spinosum

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10
Q

What is G?

A

Foramen lacerum

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11
Q

What is H?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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12
Q

What is I?

A

Jugular foramen

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13
Q

What is J?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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14
Q

What is K?

A

Foramen magnum

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15
Q

What is L?

A

Occipital bone

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16
Q

What is M?

A

Parietal bone

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17
Q

What is N?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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18
Q

What is O?

A

Temporal bone (petrous part)

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19
Q

What is P?

A

Middle cranial fossa

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20
Q

What is Q?

A

Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica

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21
Q

What is R?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid

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22
Q

What is S?

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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23
Q

What is T?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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24
Q

What is U?

A

Crista galli of ethmoid bone

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25
Q

What is V?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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26
Q

What bone forms the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid

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27
Q

Which bones form the floor of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid and temporal bone (squamous and petrous parts)

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28
Q

Which bone forms the posterior border of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Occipital bone

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29
Q

What four bones come together to form the H-shaped pterion?

A

Frontal

Parietal

Temportal

Sphenoid

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30
Q

What bones form the anterior and posterior borders of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Anterior - sphenoid

Posterior - occipital

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31
Q

What structures pass through small foramina of the skull?

A

Nerves

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32
Q

What structures pass through large foramina of the skull?

A

Nerves and blood vessels

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33
Q

What foramina is present in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Foramina of the cribiform plate

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34
Q

What passes through the foramina of the cribiform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve

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35
Q

What foramina are present in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Optic foramen

Superior orbital fissure

Foramen rotundum

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Foramen lacerum

Carotid canal

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36
Q

What structures pass through the optic foramen?

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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37
Q

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Superior and inferior divisions of occulomotor nerve

Abducen nerve

Trochlear nerve

Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

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38
Q

What structures pass throughj the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

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39
Q

What structures pass through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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40
Q

What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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41
Q

What structures pass through the foramen lacerum?

A

Internal carotid artery

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42
Q

What structures pass through the carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery

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43
Q

What foramina is present in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal acoustic foramen

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal foramen

Foramen magnum

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44
Q

What structures pass through the internal acoustic foramen?

A

Vestibulotrochlear nerve

Facial nerve

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45
Q

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A

Internal jugular vein/sigmoid sinus

Vagus nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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46
Q

What structures pass through the hypoglossal foramen?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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47
Q

What structures pass through the foramen magnum?

A

Medulla oblongata

Vertebral arteries

Spinal accessory nerves

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48
Q

What is A?

A

Optic canal

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49
Q

What is B?

A

Foramen rotundum

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50
Q

What is C?

A

Foramen spinosum

51
Q

What is D?

A

Jugular foramen

52
Q

What is E?

A

Foramen magnum

53
Q

What is F?

A

Foramen magnum

54
Q

What is G?

A

Hypoglossal canal

55
Q

What is H?

A

Foramen lacerum

56
Q

What is R?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

57
Q

What is I?

A

Foramen ovale

58
Q

What is J?

A

Superior orbital fissure

59
Q

What is K?

A

Foramen spinosum

60
Q

What is L?

A

Carotid canal

61
Q

What is M?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

62
Q

What is N?

A

Hypoglossal canal

63
Q

What is O?

A

Jugular foramen

64
Q

What is P?

A

Foramen lacerum

65
Q

What is Q?

A

Foramen ovale

66
Q

Between what layers of meninges are intra-cranial venous sinuses found?

A

Outside of dura mater

Inner layer is the dura mater and oluter layer is the periosteum of the inside face of the skull bone

67
Q

What artery is found in the groove that begins just lateral to the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

68
Q

What is a consequence of the middle meningeal artery being close to the pteryion and the skull making the groove being thin?

A

Artery is commonly damaged in injuries such as blow to the head, causing an extradural haemorrhage

69
Q

What kind of haemorrhage is this?

A

Extradural haemorrhage

70
Q

What is shown in the image?

71
Q

The grooves that run laterally from both sides of the internal occipital protuberance contains what?

A

Transverse sinus

72
Q

The transverse sinus groove becomes as S-shaped curve laterally, what does this contain?

A

Sigmoid sinus

73
Q

Into which foramen does the groove for the sigmoid sinus lead?

A

Jugular foramen

74
Q

Which major vein emerges into the neck from the jugular foramen?

A

Internal jugular vein

75
Q

What is the sella turica?

A

Deep depression in the midline in the middle cranial fossa which houses the pituitary gland

76
Q

What is the pituitary gland housed in?

A

Sella turica

77
Q

In the body of which bone is the sella turica found?

A

Sphenoid bone

78
Q

What is found on either side of the sella turica?

A

Anterior and posterior clinoid processes

79
Q

What do the anterior and posterior clinoid processes give attachment to?

A

A fold of dura mater, called the tentorium cerebelli

80
Q

What is the groove on either side of the sella turica for?

A

Cavernous sinus

81
Q

What foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?

A

Optic canal

82
Q

The groove running along from posterior to anterior on the internal surface of the skull cap is for what?

A

Sagittal sinus

83
Q

What is A?

A

Sphenoid bone

84
Q

What is B?

85
Q

What is C?

A

Palatine process of maxilla

86
Q

What is D?

A

Choana (palatine bone)

87
Q

What is E?

A

Posterior nasal spine (vomer bone)

88
Q

What is F?

A

Temporal bone

89
Q

What is G?

A

Occipital bone

90
Q

What bones are the pterygoid plates and the pterygoid hamulus apart of?

A

Sphenoid bone

91
Q

What bone is this?

A

Sphenoid bone

92
Q

What is A?

A

Superior orbital fissure

93
Q

What is B?

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

94
Q

What is C?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid

95
Q

What is D?

A

Lateral pterygoid plate

96
Q

What is E?

A

Medial pterygoid plate

97
Q

What is F?

A

Pterygoid hamulus

98
Q

What muscles attach to the medial pterygoid plate?

99
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral pterygoid plate?

A

Medial pterygoid muscle to medial surface

Lateral pterygoid muscle to lateral surface

100
Q

Why are neonatal skulls less rigid and more flexible than adult skulls?

A

They are not fully ossified

101
Q

What are some advantages of neonates having a flexible skull?

A

During childbirth allows for squeezing out

During infancy allows for brain growth

In the event of accidents and falls protects the brain

102
Q

What type of ossification occurs in the:

  • flat bones of the vault of the skull
  • irregular bones of the base of the skull

in neonates?

A

Flat bones - intramembraneous

Irregular bones - intramembraneous

103
Q

What are the differences in the following between children and adults:

  • fontanelles
  • dentition
  • tympanic membrane
  • styloid and mastoid processes of temporal bone?
A

Fontanelles - harden and close over time

Dentition - children have 20, adults have 32

Tympanic membrane - thicker in infants

Styloid/mastoid process - absent in neonatal skull

104
Q

What is A?

A

Styloid process

105
Q

What is B?

A

Mastoid process

106
Q

At what age do the anterior fontanelles fuse?

A

9 to 18 months

107
Q

At what age do the posterior fontanelles fuse?

A

First few months

108
Q

What is A?

109
Q

What is B?

110
Q

What is C?

111
Q

What does this histology image show?

112
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the dorsal surface of the tongue>

A

Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium

113
Q

What kind of muscle fibres underlies the epithelium of the tongue?

A

Smooth muscle

114
Q

Each salivary gland is responsible for different kinds of secretions, what are the different types?

A

Predominantly serous

Predominantly mucous

Mixed

115
Q

How does each salivary gland differ histologically?

A

By the present and amount of serous or mucous acini (secretory component)

116
Q

How do serous acini and mucous acini differ?

A

Serous secretes proteins so stain strongly with H&E stain

Mucous secretes the glucoprotein mucous which stains poorly with H&E

117
Q

Which kind of acinis is A and which is B?

A

A - serous acinis

B - mucous acinis

118
Q

Cell labled D is a myoepithelial cell, what is the function of this cell?

A

Contractile function, helps to expel secretions

119
Q

What cell helps expel secretions of salivary glands?

A

Myoepithelial cell

120
Q

In terms of mucous/serous acini, sublingual glands are?

A

Mainly mucous acini

121
Q

In terms of mucous/serous acini, parotid glands are?

A

Mainly serous acini

122
Q

In terms of mucous/serous acini, submandibular glands are?

A

A mixture of serous and mucous acini

123
Q

What is image A, B and C?

A

A - parotid gland (serous glands)

B - sublingual gland (mucous glands)

C - submandibular glands (mixed serous and mucous)

06. Year 2: Alimentary System (17 decks)

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