Head and Neck 5 Flashcards
To which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly?
Pharynx
What does the larynx continue as inferiorly?
Trachea
What is A?
Hyoid bone
What is B?
Epiglottis
What is C?
Thyroid cartilage
What is D?
Cricoid cartilage
What is E?
Epiglottis
What is F?
Thyroid cartilage
What is G?
Cricoid cartilage
What is H?
Cricoid cartilage
Prominance on which cartilage makes the “Adam’s apple”?
Arytenoid cartilage
Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring shape?
Cricoid cartilage
What is the space between the laryngeal cartilages occupied by?
Dense connective tissue membranes
What is A?
Thyrohyoid membrane
What is B?
Cricothyroid membrane
What is C?
Thyrohyoid membrane
What is D?
Cricothyroid membrane
What is E?
Vocal fold with vocal cord
What structures form the laryngeal inlet?
Epiglottis
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Aryepiglottic fold
Interarytenoid fold
The lumen of the larynx can be divided into 3 parts, what are these?
Vestibule - area between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds (or false vocal cords)
Middle part - lies between vestibular folds and the true vocal cords
Lower part - extends from vocal cords to lower border of cricoid cartilage
Which one is the true vocal cords?
A
What do intrinsic muscles of the larynx control?
Movement of the vocal folds as well as controlling the diameter of the laryngeal inlet
What can the laryngeal intrinsic muscles do to the vocal cords?
Make them tighten, or relax,
and to be abducted or adducted (from the midline and each other)
What is A?
Epiglottis
What is B?
Vestibule of larynx
What is C?
Vestibular fold
What is D?
Interglottic space
What is E?
Vocal fold
What is F?
Intraglottic space
Nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx is from what?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (arises from CN X and has a different course on each side)
except for cricothyroid muscle (which is from superior laryngeal nerve, branch of CN X)
What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?
Unable to control vocal cords/wheeze
What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?
Internal laryngeal nerve
When are the vocal cords abducted?
Normal respiration
When are the vocal cords fully abducted?
Rapid breathing such as after exercise
When are the focal cords adducted?
Speaking/singing
The roof of the nasopharynx is formed from what?
Sphenoid bone
In relation to the larynx, the pharynx is?
Posterior
What prevents the bolus from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?
Uvula and soft palate
What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during swallowing?
Epiglottis
What are the layers of the pharynx?
1) Outer circular muscular layer
2) Inner longitudinal muscular layer
3) Middle fibrous layer
4) Inner mucous membrane
What is the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?
Three constrictor (superior, middle and inferior) muscles
What is the inner longitidual muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?
Stylophayngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
What is A?
Superior constrictor
What is B?
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
What is C?
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
What is D?
Oesophagus
What is E?
Cricothyroid muscle
What is F?
Thyrohyoid muscle
What is G?
Mylohyoid muscle
What is H/
Buconator
What is I?
Pterygo-mandibular ligament
What is J?
Maxillary bone
What does the pharynx receive innervation from?
Pharyngeal plexus
What nerves from the pharyngeal plexus?
Branches of vagus (CN X) and glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
What nerve supplies most of the motor innervation to the pharynx?
Vagus nerve (CN X)
What is the role played by the constrictor muscles during swallowing?
Constrict walls of pharynx
What is the role played by the longitudinal layer of muscles during swallowing?
Elevate (shorten and widen) pharynx and larynx
What role is played by tongue and palate muscles during swallowing?
Propels bolus posteriorly and palate prevents entrance to nasopharynx
What lymphoid tissue protects the entrance to the oropharynx?
Pharyngeal lymphoid ring (Waldeyer’s ring)
What is the purpose of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring?
Primary defects against pathogens from mouth/nose
