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2A - Anatomy - Year 2 > Head and Neck 6 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is A?

A

nasolacrymal gland

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2
Q

What is B?

A

Lacrimal

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3
Q

What is C?

A

Ethmoid

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4
Q

What is D?

A

Supra-orbital notch

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5
Q

What is E?

A

Frontal

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6
Q

What is F?

A

Palatine

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7
Q

What is G?

A

Zygomatic

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8
Q

What is H?

A

Maxilla

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9
Q

What passes through the optic foramen?

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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10
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Opthalmic division of CN V

Opthalmic veins

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11
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary division of CN V

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12
Q

What are the 3 foramina at the apex of the orbit?

A

Optic foramen

Superior orbital fissure

Inferior orbital fissure

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13
Q

What is A?

A

Frontal sinus

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14
Q

What is B?

A

Ethmoid sinus

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15
Q

What is C?

A

Maxilla sinus

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16
Q

What are the main contents of the orbit?

A

Eye ball

Extrinsic ocular muscles

Ligaments supporting the eye

Optic nerve

Branches of opthalmic artery

Lacrimal apparatus

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17
Q

Opthalmic artery is a branch from what?

A

ICA

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18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye?

A

Outer fibrous layer

Middle vascular layer

Inner sensory layer

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19
Q

What forms the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

A

Sclera

Cornea

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20
Q

Is the outer fibrous complete or incomplete?

A

Is a complete layer (extends all the way through)

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21
Q

What forms the middle vascular layer of the eye?

A

Choroid

Ciliary body

Iris

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22
Q

Is the middle vascular layer complete or incomplete?

A

Is incomplete anterior

Anterior aperature (in iris) is called the pupil

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23
Q

What is the inner sensory layer composed of?

A

Retina

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24
Q

Is the inner sensory layer of the eye complete or incomplete?

A

Present posteriorly but anteriorly stops short just in front of equator of eye

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25
Q

What can the crystalline lens of the eye be divided into?

A

Anterior - aqueous humor (water fluid in anterior section)

Posterior - vitreous humor (gel in posterior segment)

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26
Q

What part of the eye produces aqueous humor?

A

Ciliary epithelium which is a structure that supports the lens

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27
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Ciliaris

Sphincter pupillae

Dilator pupillae

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28
Q

What is the location, action and innervation of the ciliaris?

A

Location - acts on lens

Action - accomodation

Innervation - parasympathetiv via CN II

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29
Q

What is the location, action and innervation of the sphincter pupillae?

A

Location - pupillary border of iris

Action - constricts pupil

Innervation - parasympathetic via cranial nerve CN III

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30
Q

What is the location, action and innervation of the dilator pupillae?

A

Location - outside border of iris (not next to pupil)

Action - dilates pupil

Innervation - sympathetic innervation

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31
Q

Are movements are produced by intrinsic or extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Extrinsic muscles

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32
Q

What are the different movements of the eyes?

A

Elevation

Adduction (looking medially)

Abduction (looking laterally)

Depression

Intort

Extort

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33
Q

When can intortion and extortion of the eyes occur?

A

When the head is tilted to keep the eyeballs focussed on an object the eyes rotate in the opposite direction

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34
Q

What is intortion?

A

When the top of the eye rotates towards the nose

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35
Q

What is extortion?

A

When the top of the eye rotates away from the nose

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36
Q

The eyes looking laterally is called?

A

Abduction

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37
Q

The eyes looking medially is called?

A

Adduction

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38
Q

What is A?

A

Trochlea (ligamentous sling)

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39
Q

What is B?

A

Superior oblique

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40
Q

What is C?

A

Superior rectus

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41
Q

What is D?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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42
Q

What is E?

A

Medial rectus

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43
Q

What is F?

A

Optic nerve

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44
Q

What is G?

A

Superior rectus

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45
Q

What is H?

A

Superior rectus

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46
Q

What is I?

A

Superior oblique

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47
Q

What is J?

A

Frontal bone

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48
Q

What is K?

A

Levatator palpebrae superioris

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49
Q

What is L?

A

Trochlea

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50
Q

What is M?

A

Inferior oblique

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51
Q

What is N?

A

Maxilla

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52
Q

What is O?

A

Inferior rectus

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53
Q

What is P?

A

Lateral rectus

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54
Q

What is Q?

A

Inferior rectus

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55
Q

What is A?

A

Trochlea

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56
Q

What is B?

A

Superior oblique

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57
Q

What is C?

A

Medial rectus

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58
Q

What is D?

A

Inferior rectus

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59
Q

What is E?

A

Inferior oblique

60
Q

What is F?

A

Lateral rectus

61
Q

What is G?

A

Superior rectus

62
Q

What is the action of the medial rectus?

A

Adducts eyeball

63
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

A

Abducts eye ball

64
Q

What is the action of the superior rectus?

A

1) Elevates
2) Adducts
3) Intorsion

65
Q

What is the action the inferior rectus?

A

1) Deoresses
2) Adducts
3) Extorsion

66
Q

What is the action of the superior oblique?

A

1) Depression
2) Abduction
3) Intorsion

67
Q

What is the action of the inferior oblique?

A

1) Elevates
2) Adducts
3) Intorsion

68
Q

What is the only extrinsic eye muscle that does not arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit?

A

Inferior oblique

69
Q

Name the ligaments that prevents over-adduction and over-abduction of the eye?

A

Medial and lateral check ligaments

70
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye?

A

Hold the eye in place

71
Q

Name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the orbit and the eye?

A

Opthalmic artery

72
Q

Which foramina in the orbit do the opthalmic veins pass through to enter into the cavernous venous sinus in the cranial cavity?

A

Superior orbital fissure

73
Q

Where are the lymphatics in the orbit?

A

There are no lymphatics in the orbit

74
Q

Which part of the orbit does the lacrimal gland lie?

A

Lateral

75
Q

From which cranial nerve does parasympathetic innervation to this structure arise?

A

CN II

76
Q

Into which meatus of the nasal cavity does the lacrimal gland drain?

A

Inferior meatus

77
Q

What does the lacrimal gland drain via?

A

Nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus

78
Q

What forms the ossicles?

A

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

79
Q

What types of joints are found between the ossicles?

A

Incudomallear joint (synovial joint)

80
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

81
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?

A

Stapes

82
Q

Name two muscles related to the ossicles?

A

Tensor tempani

Stapedius

83
Q

What is the action of the tensor tempani?

A

Pulls handle of malleus medially, tensing tympanic membrane and reducing amplification of vibration

84
Q

What is the action of the stapedius?

A

Pulls stapes posteriorly and tilts base in oval window, tightening angular ligament and reducing oscillatory range

85
Q

Name two areas with which the cavity of the middle ear communicates?

A

Mastoid air cells (by means of the aditus)

Nasopharynx (by means of the Eustachian tube)

86
Q

Inner ear connects to the mastoid air cells via what?

A

Aditus

87
Q

Inner ear connects to the nasophaynx via what?

A

Eustachian tube

88
Q

Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie?

A

Petrous ridge

89
Q

What are the series of bone lined chambers within the inner ear called?

A

Bony labyrinth

90
Q

What is found inside the bony ladyrinth of the inner ear?

A

Series of membraneous chambers called the membranous labyrinth

91
Q

What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth?

A

Perilymph

92
Q

What is the fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth?

A

Endolymph

93
Q

What is the function of the cochlea and the semicircular canals?

A

Cochlea - hearing

Semicircular canals - balance

94
Q

What is A?

A

Perietal bone

95
Q

What is B?

A

Malleus

96
Q

What is C?

A

Incus

97
Q

What is D?

A

Tympanic membrane

98
Q

What is E?

A

Stapes

99
Q

What is F?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube (euchastian tube)

100
Q

What is the pharyngotympanic tube also called?

A

Euchachian tube

101
Q

What is G?

A

Cochlea

102
Q

What is H?

A

CN VIII

103
Q

What is I?

A

Semicircular canals

104
Q

Through which foramin does the facial nerve (CN VII) exit the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

105
Q

Other than the facial nerve, what other cranial nerve exits through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

106
Q

How does the facial nerve run through the middle ear?

A

In a canal (facial canal) on the medial wall

107
Q

What nerve does the facial nerve give of whilst in the middle ear?

A

Chorda tympani nerve

108
Q

What fibres does the chorda tympani nerve carry?

A

Parasympathetic efferent fibres destined for submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (are secretomotor)

Sensory fibres carrying the special sense of taste (supplying the fungiform pupillae)

109
Q

What are the group of terminal lymph nodes for the head and neck before the lymph returns to venous circulation?

A

Cervical lymph nodes

110
Q

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes found?

A

Chain around internal jugular vein, within the fascia of the carotid sheath

111
Q
A
112
Q

At the inferior end of the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes, the efferent lymphatic vessels join together to form what on each side?

A

Jugular lymph node

113
Q

Where do efferent lymphatics from jugular lymph trunks drain into on the right and left side?

A

Right - right lymphatic duct

Left - thoracic duct

114
Q

What are the groups of nodes in the face and scalps?

A

Parotid nodes

Buccal

Submental

Submandibular

Mastoid

Occipital

115
Q

What is the location of the parotid nodes?

A

On or in parotid gland

116
Q

What is the location of the buccal nodes?

A

Over buccinator muscle

117
Q

What is the location of the submental nodes?

A

Anteriorly just under mandible

118
Q

What is the location of the submandibular nodes?

A

Below lower border of body of mandible

119
Q

What is the location of the mastoid nodes?

A

Overlie mastoid process

120
Q

What is the location of the occipital nodes?

A

Overlie occpital process

121
Q

Where do the parotid nodes drain from?

A

Scalp around parotid gland, lateral parts of eyelids and middle ear

122
Q

Where do the buccal nodes drain from?

A

Cheek region

123
Q

Where do the submental nodes drain from?

A

Anterior tongue tip, central part of the floor of the mouth and chin

124
Q

Where do the submandibular nodes drain from?

A

Front of scalp, nose, lips, air sinuses (ethmoid, frontal, maxillary)

Teeth, gums, anterior tongue, floor of mouth

and efferent lymphatics from submental nodes

125
Q

Where do the mastoid nodes drain from?

A

Middle region of scalp and external auditory meatus

126
Q

Where do the occipital nodes drain from?

A

Back of scalp

127
Q

What are examples of groups of nodes that drain from the neck?

A

Anterior cervical nodes

Superficial cervical nodes

Retropharyngeal nodes

Laryngeal nodes

Tracheal nodes

128
Q

What is the location of tracheal nodes?

A

Around trachea

129
Q

What is the location of laryngeal nodes?

A

Lie around the cricothyroid ligament

130
Q

What is the location of retropharyngeal nodes?

A

Lie between the pharynx and the vertebral bodies

131
Q

What is the location of superficial cervical nodes?

A

Lie along external jugular vein

132
Q

What is the location of anterior cervical nodes?

A

Lie along anterior jugular veins

133
Q

Where do the tracheal nodes drain from?

A

Trachea and thyroid gland

134
Q

Where do the laryngeal nodes drain from?

A

Larynx and adjacent structures

135
Q

Where do the retropharyngeal nodes drain from?

A

Nasopharynx, auditory tube and the upper cervical vertebral column

136
Q

Where do the superficial cervical nodes drain from?

A

From parotid nodes, and the angle of the mandible, structures that lie at the junction between the neck, the face and the scalp

137
Q

Where do the anterior cervical nodes drain from?

A

Superficial structures of anterior neck

138
Q

What is A?

A

Parotid nodes

139
Q

What is B?

A

Buccal nodes

140
Q

What is C?

A

Submandibular nodes

141
Q

What is D?

A

Submental nodes

142
Q

What is E?

A

Deep cervical nodes

143
Q

What is F?

A

Infrahyoid nodes

144
Q

What is G?

A

Superfical cervical nodes

145
Q

What is H?

A

Occipital nodes

146
Q

What is I?

A

Mastoid nodes

2A - Anatomy - Year 2 (17 decks)

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