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2A - Anatomy - Year 2 > Head and Neck 1 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of joint between the bones of the skull?

A

Suture joint (fibrous)

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts that the skull can be divided into?

A

Neuro-cranium

Facial skull (viscera-cranium)

Mandible

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3
Q

What part of the skull is A?

A

Neuro-cranium

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4
Q

What part of the skull is B?

A

Facial skull (viscera-cranium)

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5
Q

What part of the skull is C?

A

Mandible

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6
Q

What is A?

A

Compact bone

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7
Q

What is B?

A

Spongy bone

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skull bone?

A

Compact bone, spongy bone, compact bone

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9
Q

Which part of the skull bone houses red marrow?

A

Spongy bone

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10
Q

What is A?

A

Parietal bone

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11
Q

What is B?

A

Sagittal suture

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12
Q

What is C?

A

Coronal suture

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13
Q

What is D?

A

Frontal bone

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14
Q

What is E?

A

Nasal bone

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15
Q

What is F?

A

Sphenoid bone

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16
Q

What is G?

A

Temporal bone

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17
Q

What is H?

A

Occipital bone

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18
Q

What is I?

A

Lambdoid suture

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19
Q

What does the sagittal suture connect?

A

Left and right parietal bone

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20
Q

What does the coronal suture connect?

A

Left/right parietal and frontal bone

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21
Q

What does the lambdoid suture connect?

A

Left/right parietal and occipital bone

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22
Q

What kind of bones are bones of the facial skeleton?

A

Irregular

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23
Q

What do the facial bones give attachment to?

A

Muscles of the tongue, mastication and pharynx

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24
Q

What is A?

A

Frontal bone

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25
Q

What is B?

A

Zygomatic bone

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26
Q

What is C?

A

Maxilla bone

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27
Q

Mandible

A

D

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28
Q

What is E?

A

Ethmoid bone

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29
Q

What is F?

A

Nasal bone

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30
Q

List some bony prominences of the skull?

A

Occipital protuberance

Mastoid process

Zygomatic arch

Styloid process

Occipital condyles

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31
Q

What bone is the occipital protuberance apart of?

A

Occipital bone

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32
Q

What bone is the mastoid process apart of?

A

Temporal bone

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33
Q

Which bone is the zygomatic arch apart of?

A

Temporal bone and zygomatic bone

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34
Q

Which bone is the styloid process apart of?

A

Temporal bone

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35
Q

Which bone is the occipital condyles apart of?

A

Occipital bone

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36
Q

What are the 3 fossae of the cranial cavity?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

Middle cranial fossa

Posterior cranial fossa

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37
Q

What is A?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid

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38
Q

What is B?

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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39
Q

What is C?

A

Floor of sphenoid

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40
Q

What is A?

A

Maxilla

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41
Q

What is B?

A

Vomer

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42
Q

What is C?

A

Vomer

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43
Q

What is D?

A

zygomatic bone

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44
Q

What is E?

A

Frontal bone

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45
Q

What is F?

A

greater wing of the sphenoid

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46
Q

What is G?

A

Temporal bone

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47
Q

What is H?

A

Parietal bone

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48
Q

What is the largest formina cranium?

A

Foramen magnum

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49
Q

What 2 structures pass through the foramen magnum?

A

Medulla and meninges

Right and left vertebral arteries

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50
Q
A
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51
Q

What are the sockets for eyeballs called?

A

Orbits

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52
Q

What is the function of air sinuses and sacs?

A

Decrease the weight of the skull

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53
Q

Where are the ear ossicles found?

A

Within the petrous part of the temporal bone

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54
Q

What are the borders of the scalp?

A

Anterior - eyebrows

Posterior - superior nochal lines

Lateral - superior temporal line

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55
Q

What bone forms the zygomatic arch anteriorly?

A

Zygomatic bone

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56
Q

What bone forms the zygomatic arch posteriorly?

A

Temporal bone

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57
Q

What type of joint is present between the two bones of the zygomatic arch?

A

Suture (fibrous joint)

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58
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis of the occipitofrontal muscle (epicranial aponeurosis)

Loose connective tissue

Pericranium

(remember SCALP)

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59
Q

What is A?

A

Skin

60
Q

What is B?

A

Connective tissue

61
Q

What is C?

A

aponeurosis

62
Q

What is D?

A

Skull bones (cranium)

63
Q

What is E?

A

Meninges

64
Q

What does the epicranial aponeurosis connect?

A

Anterior (frontal) and posterior (occipital) bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle

65
Q

What is the action produced by the contraction of the anterior belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Lift eye brows and eye lids

66
Q

What causes the innervation of the anterior part of the scalp (anterior to auricle or external ear)?

A

Three branches of the trigeminal nerve

67
Q

What causes the innervation of the posterior part of the scalp (posterior to auricle or external ear)?

A

Branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3

68
Q

What structure forms from the ventral rami of C5-T1 and what does it innervate?

A

Brachial plexus

Innervates the upper limbs

69
Q

In which layer of the scalp are blood vessels present?

A

Connective tissue layer

70
Q

Do wounds to the scalp bleed profusely or sparingly, and why?

A

Profusely, because fibrous fascia prevents vasoconstriction

71
Q

Which of the scalp arteries are branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

Supratrochlear artery

Supra-orbital artery

72
Q

Which of the scalp arteries are branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superficial temporal artery

Posterior auricular artery

Occipital artery

73
Q

What is A?

A

Supratrochlear artery

74
Q

What is B?

A

Supra-orbital artery

75
Q

What is C?

A

Superficial temporal artery

76
Q

What is D?

A

Posterior auricular artery

77
Q

What is E?

A

Occipital artery

78
Q

What pulse is felt anterior to the tragus of the ear?

A

Superficial temporal artery (STA)

79
Q

What is A?

A

Subclavian vein

80
Q

What is B?

A

External jugular vein

81
Q

What is C?

A

Superficial temporal vein

82
Q

What is D?

A

Supra-orbital vein

83
Q

What is E?

A

Supratrochlear vein

84
Q

What is F

A

Facial vein

85
Q

What is G?

A

Submental vein

86
Q

What is H?

A

Internal jugular vein

87
Q

What do the scalp veins anastomose with?

A

Each other and diploid veins in the skull bones (and through these to the venous sinuses of the brain)

88
Q

What do the scalp veins anastomose with each other through?

A

Valveless veins called emissary veins

89
Q

What is diploe?

A

Spongy cancellous bone seperating innter and outer layers of corical bone of the skull

90
Q

What potential grave complication could arise from scalp infections due to presence of emissary veins?

A

Subdural haematoma

91
Q

Where are the lymph nodes in the scalp?

A

There are none

92
Q

How does lymph drain away from the scalp?

A

Through lymph nodes of the head and neck

93
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression important for?

A

Communication, particularly emotion

Functional roles such as opening/closing of openings in the face (eyes, nares, mouth)

94
Q

What do the muscles of facial expression lie within?

A

Superficial fascia of the face and neck

95
Q

How do the muscles of facial expression differ from other skeletal muscles in terms of position and attachment?

A

Position - they are superficial not deep

Attachment - attach to each other or skin instead of bone

96
Q

What is A?

A

Palpebral part of orbicularis occuli

97
Q

What is B?

A

Orbital part of orbicularis occuli

98
Q

What is C?

A

Orbicularis oris

99
Q

What is D?

A

Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

100
Q

What is E?

A

Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

101
Q

What is G?

A

Buccinator

102
Q

What is F?

A

Platysma

103
Q

What innervates all the muscles of facial expression?

A

Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

104
Q

Which foramen does the facial nerve emerge from as it leaves the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

105
Q

What are the two bony points at either side of the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Styloid process

Mastoid process

106
Q

What is the gland on the side of the face?

A

Parotid gland

107
Q

Where does the facial nerve split into its terminal branches?

A

Once it enters the substance of the parotid gland, emerging from the anterior border of the gland as terminal branches

108
Q

What would happen to eyelids as a result of facial palsy?

A

Lower eyelid turns outwards

Cannot blink

109
Q

What would happen to the corner of the mouth due to facial palsy?

A

Drooping

110
Q

What would happen to the cheek during chewing due to facial palsy?

A

Food accumulates

111
Q

What is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid gland

112
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

Parotid gland

Submandibular gland

Sublingual gland

113
Q

Where are small and unnamed salivary glands found?

A

Mucosa of the soft palate, cheeks and tongue which empty there secretions into the mouth

114
Q

What are the borders of the parotid gland?

A

Superior - zygomatic arch

Inferior - angle of mandible

Posterior - anterior of the external auditory meatus

115
Q

What type of gland is the parotid gland?

A

Exocrine

116
Q

How do exocrine and endocrine glands differ?

A

Endocrine - secretes into blood

Exocrine - secretes into ducts to target tissue

117
Q

What nerve branches can you see emerging from the anterior border of the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII) branches

118
Q

The parotid gland is superfical to what muscle, and what muscle does it pierces?

A

Superficial to masseter

Pierces the buccinator

119
Q

Opposite what tooth does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?

A

Second upper molar tooth

120
Q

What cranial nerve, artery and vein enter/leave the parotid gland?

A

Cranial nerve - facial nerve

Artery - external carotid artery

Vein - retromandibular vein

121
Q

What innervates the parotid gland?

A

Sympathetic - superor cervical ganglion

Parasympathetic - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

122
Q

What division of the autonomic nervous system would be secretomotor to the parotid salivary gland?

A

Parasympathetic

123
Q

What is sensory innervation of the face provided by?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

124
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

Opthalmic nerve (V1)

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Mandibular nerve (V3)

125
Q

What dermatome is A?

A

CN V1

126
Q

What dermatome is B?

A

CN V2

127
Q

What dermatome is C?

A

CN V3

128
Q

What dermatome is D?

A

C2

129
Q

What dermatome is E?

A

C3

130
Q

What dermatome is F?

A

C5

131
Q

What dermatome is G?

A

C4

132
Q

What dermatome is H?

A

V2

133
Q

What is A?

A

Superficial temporal artery

134
Q

What is B?

A

Facial artery

135
Q

What artery are the facial and superficial arteries branches of?

A

External carotid artery

136
Q

What bone does the facial artery wind around the reach the face?

A

Inferior border of mandible

137
Q

What muscle on the side of the face lies immediately posterior to the facial artery as it enters onto the face?

A

Superficial masseter

138
Q

Just before the facial artery enters the side of the face, what gland does it groove?

A

Parotid gland

139
Q

Where does the facial artery end?

A

Medial commisure of eyes as angular artery

140
Q

What is A?

A

Superficial temporal vein (retromandibular vein)

141
Q

What is B?

A

Facial vein

142
Q

What is C?

A

Internal jugular vein

143
Q

What is D?

A

Posterior external jugular vein

144
Q

What is E?

A

External jugular vein

145
Q

What is F?

A

Posterior auricular vein

146
Q

What is G?

A

Occipital vein

147
Q

Which vein does the facial vein and superficial temporal vein drain into?

A

Internal carotid vein

2A - Anatomy - Year 2 (17 decks)

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