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3 - RCA > Head and Neck 5 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones forming the roof of the orbit.

A

Mainly orbital plate of frontal bone

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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2
Q

Name the bones forming the medial wall of the orbit.

A

Ethmoid with contributions from maxilla, lacrimal and sphenoid
Anteriorly indented by lacrimal groove

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3
Q

What forms the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

Some of zygomatic bone

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4
Q

What partly separates the floor and lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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5
Q

What makes up the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic

Greater wing of sphenoid

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6
Q

Where does the superior orbital fissure lie?

A

Between greater wing and lesser wing of sphenoid

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7
Q

Where is the apex of the orbit located?

A

Apex is at the optic canal, medial to superior orbital fissure

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8
Q

What are the eyelids (palpebrae) covered by?

A

Thin skin

Internally covered by conjunctiva

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9
Q

What strengthens the eyelids?

A

Tarsal plates (dense fibrous bands)

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10
Q

What are the tarsal glands called?

A

Meibomian glnads

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11
Q

What is the function of the tarsal (Meibomian glands)

A

Secretion lubricates eyelids and prevents them from sticking together

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12
Q

Medial Palpebral Ligament

A

Connects eyelids to medial margin of orbit

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13
Q

Lateral palpebral ligament

A

Connects eyelids to lateral margin of orbit

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14
Q

What are the function of the medial and lateral palpebral ligaments?

A

Keep the covering of the eye stable

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15
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland found?

A

Fossa in lateral part of roof of orbit

Upper outer quadrant

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16
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

A

Produces tears

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17
Q

Which nerve is responsible for tear secretion?

A

Branch of facial nerve

Greater petrosal nerve

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18
Q

Which side do tears drain?

A

Medial side

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19
Q

What connects the palpebral fissure to the lacrimal sac?

A

Canaliculi (openings on median side)

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20
Q

What is the space between two eyelids called?

A

Palpebral fissure

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21
Q

Where is the lacrimal sac found and what is its function?

A

Lodged within the lacrimal groove

Collects extra tears

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22
Q

What is the lacrimal sac continuous with?

A

Nasolacrimal duct (this opens into inferior meatus of nose)

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23
Q

What is the puncta?

A

Small openings which push tears into lacrimal sac

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24
Q

Where is the levator palpebrae superioris found?

A

In roof of orbit, close to apex to tarsal plates and skin of eyelid

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25
Q

What is the function and innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Innervation = oculomotor nerve III

Elevates upper eyelid

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26
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Autonomic nerves (sympathetic) are trapped with damaged oculomotor nerve - partial ptosis, dilated pupil

27
Q

Where does the superior rectus run?

A

Below levator palpebrae superioris

From common tendinous ring at apex of orbit to superior surface of eye

28
Q

What is the function of the superior rectus?

A

Elevates the eye

29
Q

Where is the inferior rectus found and what is its action?

A

Common tendinous ring to inferior surface of eye

Depresses eyeball

30
Q

Where is the medial rectus found?

A

From common tendinous ring at apex of orbit to medial surface of eyeball
Below superior oblique

31
Q

What is the action of medial rectus?

A

Adducts the eye

32
Q

Where is the lateral rectus found, what is its action and innervation?

A

Lateral rectus from common tendinous ring to lateral surface of eye.
Abducts eyeball
Abducens Nerve (6)

33
Q

Where does the superior oblique muscle lie?

A

From body of sphenoid, tendon passes through a fibrous ring (trochlea) at supero-medial angle of orbital wall, changes direction and inserts into slcera deep to superior rectus muscle

34
Q

What is the action and innervation of the superior oblique muscle?

A 
Trochlear nerve (4)
Depresses eye, abducts eye (down and out)
35
Q

Where does the inferior oblique muscle lie?

A

From anterior part of floor of orbit to sclera deep to lateral rectus

36
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblique?

A

Elevates and abducts eye

37
Q

Which eye muscles produce movement that is straight up?

A

Inferior oblique (up and out), superior rectus (up and In) - in and out movements cancel each other out

38
Q

Which eye muscles produce vertically down eye movement?

A

Inferior rectus (down and in), superior oblique (down and out). In and out cancel

39
Q

What is the nasociliary nerve a branch of?

A

V1

40
Q

What branches does the nasociliary nerve give off?

A

Long ciliary Nerves
Posterior and Anterior Ethmoidal Nerves
Infratrochlear Nerve

41
Q

What do the long ciliary nerves carry?

A

Sensory innervation to cornea
Sympathetic (postganglionic sympathetic fibres from superior cervical ganglion) to dilator pupillae muscles = dilates pupils

42
Q

What does the anterior ethmoidal nerve become and when?

A

Becomes the external nasal nerve when it enters the face via the nose

43
Q

What does the infratrochlear nerve supply?

A

Skin on medial side of lip and along external nose

44
Q

Where is the ciliary ganglion situated?

A

Behind the eyeball, lateral to optic nerve and superior to arteries

45
Q

What is the function of the ciliary ganglion?

A

Relay centre for parasympathetic fibres brought in by oculomotor nerve

46
Q

What does the short ciliary nerves do?

A

Carry postganglionic (ciliary ganglion) parasympathetic fibres to the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles = constrict pupil

47
Q

Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic axons?

A

3, 7, 9 and 10

48
Q

Where does the ophthalmic artery come from?

A

ICA as it emerges from the cavernous sinus

49
Q

Where does the ophthalmic artery travel?

A

Accompanies optic nerve into the orbit through the optic canal

50
Q

What supplies the retina?

A

Central artery of the retina

51
Q

What do the ophthalmic veins connect with?

A

Cavernous sinus and facial vein (as well as the pterygoid plexus of veins)

52
Q

What supplies the auricle of the external ear?

A

V3 (sensory supply) - auriculotemporal nerve

53
Q

What is the ear canal made of??

A

Lateral third is cartilaginous

Medial 2/3rds is bony (petrous temporal bone)

54
Q

Which glands produce cerumen (ear wax)?

A

Ceruminous and sebaceous glands

55
Q

What is the tympanic membrane covered by?

A

Simple squamous externally

Columnar epithelium internally

56
Q

What is the middle ear and what does it contain?

A

Tympanic cavity directly internal to the membrane

Contains auditory ossicles linking tympanic membrane to oval window of inner ear

57
Q

Name the bones found in the middle ear.

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

58
Q

Which bone connects the inner ear to the oval window?

A

Stapes

59
Q

Name the two small muscles in the middle ear.

A 
Tensor tympani (handle of malleus - V3) = tenses tympanic membrane 
Stapedius (stapes - VIII) - dampen excessive movement on loud noises
60
Q

What does the auditory tube open into?

A

Opens into tympanic cavity on lateral end and nasopharynx on medial end

61
Q

What is the central part of the inner ear?

A

Vestibule

62
Q

What lies anterior and posterior to vestibule?

A

Anterior is the cochlear

Posterior is the semicircular canals

63
Q

What nerve supplies the inner ear?

A

VIII

64
Q

Where does VIII divide?

A

Lateral end of internal auditory meatus

Into vestibular and cochlear portions

3 - RCA (5 decks)

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