Head and Neck 1 Flashcards
Name the individual bones of the skull.
Maxilla Nasal Mandible Zygomatic Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid
Name the foramen associated witht he skull.
Supraorbital foramen
Infraorbital foramen
Mental foramen
Mandibular foramen (medial aspect of ramus of mandible)
Name the different parts of the mandible.
Body Angle Ramus Condylar process, head and neck Coronoid process
Where do the facial muscles develop from and what innervates them?
Develop from 2nd pharyngeal arch
Innervated by the facial nerve (VII)
What is the name of the muscle surrounding the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
Name the two parts and their functions of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
Orbital part - closes eye tightly
Palpebral part - closes eye lightly
= blinking and distribution of tears
Where is the orbicularis oris found and where does it insert?
Surrounds the oral cavity
Inserts into the mucous membrane of the lips
What is the action of the orbicularis oris?
Compresses and protrudes lips in whistling expression (kissing muscle)
What forms the modiolus?
At the angle of the mouth, the orbicularis oris and fibres from the buccinator form the modiolus
BUCCINATOR AND ORBICULARIS ORIS
Where is the buccinator muscle found?
Muscle of the cheek
What is the origin and attachment of the buccinator muscle?
Origin: posteriorly from the ptyerygomandibular raphe, processes of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: angle of mouth (modiolus)
What is the action of the buccinator?
Presses cheek against molar teeth - aiding chewing
Compresses distended cheeks - expulsion of air from oral cavity (trumpeters muscle)
Pushing food onto grinding surface
What is the frontalis muscle?
Muscle of scalp
Positioned near forehead
Where does the frontalis muscle arise/insert?
Epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) - flat tendon Inserts into skin of forehead
What is the action of the frontalis muscle?
Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
What is the platysma?
Superficial muscle of the neck
Where does the platysma arise from and insert?
Arises from superficial fascia of deltoid and pectoral regions
Inserts into mandible and orbicularis oris
What is the action of the platysma?
Depresses the lower lip
Tenses the skin
What is the action of the zygomaticus major and minor?
Major: pull the angle of the mouth superolaterally (elevate and evert angle)
Minor: pulls upper lip backward, upward and laterally
Describe the position of the parotid gland.
Lies outside the oral cavity
Sternocleidomastoid posterior, ramus of mandible in front, superior is external acoustic meatus and posterior to zygomatic arch
Over masseter muscle
What vessels lie deep to the parotid gland?
External carotid artery
Retromandibular vein
Which nerve lies within the parotid gland?
Facial nerve (VII)
Describe the pathway of the parotid duct.
Leaves anteriorly across masseter muscle, pierces buccinator and enters vestibule of oral cavity opposite 2nd molar tooth
Has thickened fascial capsule
What is the innervation of the platysma muscle?
Cervical branch of facial nerve (VII)