Head and Neck

Question 1

What nerve innervates the muscles of the suboccipital triangle?

Answer 1

Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1-motor only).

Question 2

What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?

Answer 2

Obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior, rectus capitis posterior major (recuts capitis posterior minor).

Question 3

The occipital artery is a branch of what major artery?

Answer 3

External carotid

Question 4

What nerve innervates the occipital area of the skull?

Answer 4

Greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus C2- sensory only), travels through

Question 5

Name key features of the atlas (C1).

Answer 5

It has no body, no spinous process & transverse process with distinctive foramen.

Question 6

Name key features of the axis (C2).

Answer 6

Had bifid spinous process, dens & transverse process with distinctive foramen.

Question 7

Name a key feature of C7.

Answer 7

Long spinous process (vertebra prominens)

Question 8

How many and key features of thoracic vertebrae:

Answer 8

12. Have costal facets with articulations for the ribs, articular facets directed anterior/posterior, spinous processes directed inferior.

Question 9

How many and key features of the lumbar vertebrae:

Answer 9

5. Long slender transverse process, have accessory processes, articular facets face medially laterally.

Question 10

How many and key features of the sacral vertebrae:

Answer 10

5. Fused to form the sacrum, posses surfaces for articulation with the coxal bones

Question 11

Where can the intervertebral discs be found?

Answer 11

Between C2-L5. Comprise annulus firbosus and nucleus pulposus.

Question 12

What are the primary curvatures?

Answer 12

Thoracic and sacral. Concave anteriorly.

Question 13

What are the secondary curvatures?

Answer 13

Cervical and lumbar. Concave posteriorly.

Question 14

What is kyphosis?

Answer 14

Exaggerated primary curvature. Hunch back.

Question 15

What is lordosis?

Answer 15

Exaggerated secondary curvature. Sway back.

Question 16

What is scoliosis?

Answer 16

Lateral deviation of the vertebral column.

Question 17

How is the blood supplied to the vertebrae?

Answer 17

Through small osseus branches from spinal arteries.

Question 18

How many cervical vertebrae is there in our bodies?

Answer 18

7.

Question 19

How do the spinal nerves exit the vertebrae?

Answer 19

C1-C7 exit through the top of their numbered vertebrae. C8 exits below C7 although there isn’t an 8 cervical vertebrae. For the other vertebrae, the spinal nerve exits through the bottom of their named vertebrae.

Question 20

What type of muscles do the dorsal rami innervate?

Answer 20

Deep, true, intrinsic back muscles.

Question 21

How is blood supplied to the vertebrae?

Answer 21

Osseus branches of spinal arteries.

Question 22

Function and location of ligamentum nuchae.

Answer 22

Most posterior ligament, cover down the vertebrae. Once at sacral region becomes the supraspinous ligament.

Question 23

Function and location of the interspinous ligament.

Answer 23

Connects the spinous processes of sequential vertebras together.

Question 24

Function and location of the ligamentum flavum.

Answer 24

Connects the laminas of sequential vertebras together.

Question 25

Function and location of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Answer 25

Connects the pedicle of the sequential vertebras together.

Question 26

Function and location of the anterior longitudinal ligament.

Answer 26

Connect the vertebras together through their anterior surface.

Question 27

In what direction does the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae project? Anterior facets?

Answer 27

Spinous processes- inferiorly.

Anterior facets- anterior/posterior.

Question 28

In what direction do the articular facets of the lumbar region face?

Answer 28

Medially, laterally.