Head and Neck Flashcards
What nerve innervates the muscles of the suboccipital triangle?
Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1-motor only).
What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?
Obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior, rectus capitis posterior major (recuts capitis posterior minor).
The occipital artery is a branch of what major artery?
External carotid
What nerve innervates the occipital area of the skull?
Greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus C2- sensory only), travels through
Name key features of the atlas (C1).
It has no body, no spinous process & transverse process with distinctive foramen.
Name key features of the axis (C2).
Had bifid spinous process, dens & transverse process with distinctive foramen.
Name a key feature of C7.
Long spinous process (vertebra prominens)
How many and key features of thoracic vertebrae:
- Have costal facets with articulations for the ribs, articular facets directed anterior/posterior, spinous processes directed inferior.
How many and key features of the lumbar vertebrae:
- Long slender transverse process, have accessory processes, articular facets face medially laterally.
How many and key features of the sacral vertebrae:
- Fused to form the sacrum, posses surfaces for articulation with the coxal bones
Where can the intervertebral discs be found?
Between C2-L5. Comprise annulus firbosus and nucleus pulposus.
What are the primary curvatures?
Thoracic and sacral. Concave anteriorly.
What are the secondary curvatures?
Cervical and lumbar. Concave posteriorly.
What is kyphosis?
Exaggerated primary curvature. Hunch back.
What is lordosis?
Exaggerated secondary curvature. Sway back.
What is scoliosis?
Lateral deviation of the vertebral column.
How is the blood supplied to the vertebrae?
Through small osseus branches from spinal arteries.
How many cervical vertebrae is there in our bodies?
7.
How do the spinal nerves exit the vertebrae?
C1-C7 exit through the top of their numbered vertebrae. C8 exits below C7 although there isn’t an 8 cervical vertebrae. For the other vertebrae, the spinal nerve exits through the bottom of their named vertebrae.
What type of muscles do the dorsal rami innervate?
Deep, true, intrinsic back muscles.
How is blood supplied to the vertebrae?
Osseus branches of spinal arteries.
Function and location of ligamentum nuchae.
Most posterior ligament, cover down the vertebrae. Once at sacral region becomes the supraspinous ligament.
Function and location of the interspinous ligament.
Connects the spinous processes of sequential vertebras together.
Function and location of the ligamentum flavum.
Connects the laminas of sequential vertebras together.
Function and location of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Connects the pedicle of the sequential vertebras together.
Function and location of the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Connect the vertebras together through their anterior surface.
In what direction does the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae project? Anterior facets?
Spinous processes- inferiorly.
Anterior facets- anterior/posterior.
In what direction do the articular facets of the lumbar region face?
Medially, laterally.
