Head and Neck 2 Flashcards
What are the treatment options for T1s, microinvasive, and Tl glottic carcinoma
Endoscopic surgical excision, laser excision, thyrotomy and cordectomy, or radiation.
What is immunologic gene therapy
Enhancement of an immune response specifically against tumor-associated antigens using viral vectors.
High expression of which growth factor receptor in head and neck SCCA can potentially predict lymph node metastasis
Epidermoid growth factor receptor (EGFR).
What are the boundaries of the pre-epiglottic space
Epiglottic cartilage posteriorly, thyrohyoid membrane and hyoid bone anteriorly, hyoepiglottic ligament superiorly.
What are the boundaries of the pre-epiglottic space
Epiglottic cartilage posteriorly, thyrohyoid membrane and hyoid bone anteriorly, hyoepiglottic ligament superiorly.
What structures are considered part of the supraglottis
Epiglottis, false vocal cords, aryepiglottic folds, and arytenoids.
What technique is most effective in preventing postoperative stenosis after VPL
Epiglottopexy.
What cells do mucoepidermoid tumors arise from
Epithelial cells of interlobar and intralobar salivary ducts.
According to Levine et al, SNUC is most likely a grade 4 variant of what tumor
Esthesioneuroblastoma or olfactory neuroblastoma.
What is the differential diagnosis of a small cell sinonasal tumor
Esthesioneuroblastoma, plasmacytoma, melanoma, lymphoma, sarcoma, poorly differentiated SCCA, Ewings sarcoma, PNET, and SNUC.
What is adoptive T -cell immunotherapy
Ex vivo enhancement of tumor immunogenicity; lymphocytes are removed from the patient then reinfused after in vitro activation against the patient’s own tumor cells.
What is the most serious complication of lateral pharyngotomy
Excessive retraction on the great vessels leading to thrombosis or embolism.
What is the purpose of vestibulectomy during excision of early glottic cancer
Excision of the false vocal cord enhances intraoperative and postoperative visualization of the entire vocal cord.
What is the cell of origin of parotid gland SCCA
Excretory duct cell.
Which type of cancer is most sensitive to RT: exophytic, infiltrative, or ulcerated
Exophytic.
How does this gene work
Expresses a viral thymidine kinase that is foreign to mammalian cells but phosphorylates the drug ganciclovir into a compound that terminates DNA synthesis in tumor cells.
During resection, which vessel can be sacrificed in most cases
External carotid artery.
What factors are predictors of occult regional disease in parotid cancer
Extracapsular extension, preoperative facial paralysis, age >54 years, and perilymphatic invasion.
What 3 signs are classically present in patients with sinonasal neoplasms
Facial asymmetry, tumor bulge in the oral cavity, and nasal mass; the presence of all 3 is seen in about 50% of patients and is significant for advanced disease.
T/F: TEP is not effective in patients reconstructed with gastric pull-up
False, although the voice quality is poor.
T/F: Cells undergoing DNA synthesis in the S phase are much more radiosensitive than cells in other phases of the cell cycle
False, they are much more radioresistant in the S phase.
T/F: Tumor size is related to the likelihood of distant metastasis
False.
T/F: The degree of differentiation of the primary correlates with distant metastasis
False.
T/F: Proton beams have poorer skin-sparing properties than electron beams
False.