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Year 2 Anatomy > Head and Neck 2 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral compartment

Vascular compartment

Visceral compartment

Musculofascial collar

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2
Q

What does the vertebral compartment of the neck contain?

A

Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles (prevertebral and postvertebral muscles)

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3
Q

What does the vascular compartment of the neck contain?

A

Major blood vessels and vagus nerve

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4
Q

What does the visceral compartment of the neck contain?

A

Thyroid

Parathyroid glands

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Oesophagus

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5
Q

What compartment is A?

A

Vertebral compartment

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6
Q

What compartment is B?

A

Musculofascial collar

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7
Q

What compartment is C?

A

Vascular compartment

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8
Q

What compartment is D?

A

Visceral compartment

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9
Q

What is A?

A

Transverse process

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10
Q

What is B?

A

Body of vertebrae

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11
Q

What is C?

A

Foramen transversium

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12
Q

What is D?

A

Superior articular facet

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13
Q

What is E?

A

Spinous process

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14
Q

What is F?

A

Vertebral foramen

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15
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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16
Q

What kind of joint is present between the occopital condyles and C1 (atlas)?

A

Condyloid (synovial)

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17
Q

What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?

A

Pivot (synovial)

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18
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?

A

Vertebral artery

Vertebral vein

Sympathetic plexus

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19
Q

What is the vertebrae prominens?

A

C7

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20
Q

What is a special feature of the spines of cervical vertebrae?

A

Bifid

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21
Q

What curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column?

A

Lordosis

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22
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the neck?

A

Anterior and posterior triangles

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23
Q

What is A?

A

Stylohyoid muscle

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24
Q

What is B?

A

Mandible

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25
Q

What is C?

A

Digastric muscle (anterior belly)

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26
Q

What is D?

A

Digastric muscle (posterior belly)

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27
Q

What is E?

A

Hyoid bone

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28
Q

What is F?

A

Omyhyoid muscle (anterior belly)

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29
Q

What is G?

A

Omyhyoid muscle (posterior belly)

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30
Q

What is H?

A

Trapezius

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31
Q

What is I?

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

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32
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Superiorly - inferior border of mandible

Posteriorly - anterior border of SCM

Anteriorly - median line of neck

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33
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Anteriorly - posterior border of SCM

Posteriorly - anterior border of trapezius

Inferiorly - clavicle between SCM and trapezius

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34
Q

What are the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Submandibular gland

Submental lymph nodes

Common carotid artery and branches

Internal jugular vein and tributaries

Vagus nerve

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35
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Part of external jugular vein

Posterior branches of cervical plexus

Trunk of brachial plexus

Cervical lymph nodes

Subclavian artery

Supraclavicular lymph nodes

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36
Q

What are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A

Origin - anterior surface of manubrium, and superior border/anterior surface of medial 1/3 clavicle

Insertion - lateral surface of mastoid process and nochal line of occipital bone

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37
Q

What happens if the right sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted?

A

Head tilts to the right

Face turns to the left

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38
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

A

Rotates, elevates, depresses, retracts scapula

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39
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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40
Q

In which triangle of the neck is the accessory nerve (CN XI) found?

A

Posterior triangle

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41
Q

What are the attachments of the trapezius?

A

Origin - occipital bone and spinous process of T1 to T12

Insertion - lateral 1/3 of clavicle and scapula

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42
Q

What is the anterior triangle further divided into 4 more triangles by?

A

Diagastric and omohyoid muscles

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43
Q

What 4 triangles can the anterior triangle be divided into?

A

Submental

Digastric

Carotid

Muscular

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44
Q

What is A?

A

Submental triangle

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45
Q

What is B?

A

Muscular triangle

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46
Q

What is C?

A

Carotid triangle

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47
Q

What is D?

A

Digastric triangle (also known as submandibular triangle)

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48
Q

Between what muscles does the brachial plexus emerge from in the posterior triangle?

A

Scalene muscles that form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck

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49
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Inferior - hyoid bone

Medial - midline of neck

Lateral - anterior belly of digastric

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50
Q

What are the boundaries of the digastric triangle?

A

Superior - body of mandible

Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle

Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle

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51
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior - posterior belly of digastric muscle

Lateral - medial border of SCM

Inferior - superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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52
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

Superior - hyoid bone

Medial - midline of neck

Superiolateral - superior belly of omohyoid muscle

Inferolateral - inferior portion of SCM

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53
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

Submental lymph nodes

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54
Q

What are the contents of the digastric triangle?

A

Submandibular gland

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55
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

Carotid sheath (common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hypoglossal and vagus nerve)

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56
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A

Strap muscles of the neck, also known as infrahyoid muscles:

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

omohyoid

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57
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid

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58
Q

What artery is the common carotid artery a branch of on the right side?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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59
Q

What is A?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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60
Q

What is B?

A

Right subclavian artery

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61
Q

What is C?

A

Right common carotid artery

62
Q

What is D?

A

Left common carotid artery

63
Q

What is E?

A

Left subclavian artery

64
Q

In what triangle of the neck is the carotid sheath?

A

Anterior triangle

65
Q

What structures are in the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve

66
Q

At what level does the common carotid artery divid into external and internal carotid arteries?

A

C4

67
Q

Which of the internal and external carotid artery gives of branches in the neck?

A

External carotid artery

68
Q

In the neck, which of the internal and external carotid arteries is most lateral?

A

Internal carotid artery

69
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery (given of in the face)?

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal artery

70
Q

Within which glandular structure are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery given of?

A

Parotid duct

71
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is A?

A

Superficial temporal artery

72
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is B?

A

Maxillary artery

73
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is C?

A

Facial artery

74
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is D?

A

Lingual artery

75
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is E?

A

Superior thyroid artery

76
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is F?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

77
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is G?

A

Occipital artery

78
Q

The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is H?

A

Posterior auricular artery

79
Q

Which jugular vein is in the carotid sheath?

A

Internal jugular vein

80
Q

What does the internal jugular veina rise from?

A

Jugular venous sinus (which drains the brain)

81
Q

What does the internal jugular vein emerge through the skull from?

A

Jugular foramen

82
Q

Which vein does the internal jugular vein merge with and what is the name of the vein that is formed?

A

Merges with subclavian vein

Forms brachiocephalic vein

83
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain?

A

Scalp and face (is superficial)

84
Q

In relation to the SCM, where does the external jugular vein run (superficial or deep)?

A

Superficially to it

85
Q

Which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

86
Q

What is A?

A

External jugular vein

87
Q

What is B?

A

Internal jugular vein

88
Q

Within the carotid sheath, where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the vascular contents?

A

Posteriorly between common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

89
Q

What does the phrenic nerve arise from?

A

Cervical plexus in the neck

90
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

Deep, posterior

91
Q

What is A?

A

Greater horn of hyoid bone

92
Q

What is B?

A

Lesser horn of hyoid

93
Q

What is C?

A

Body of hyoid bone

94
Q

What are the muscles attached to the hyoid bone?

A

Suprahyoid muscles

Infrahyoid muscles

Genioglossus (hyoglottis), muscle of the tongue

Middle pharyngeal constrictor, muscle of the pharynx

95
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

Digastric

Stylohyoid

96
Q

What is the nerve supply of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular nerve, which is a branch of CN V)

97
Q

What is the nerve supply of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

C1 root within hypoglossal nerve

98
Q

What is the nerve supply of the digastric muscle?

A

Anterior belly by inferior alveolar nerve

Posterior belly by facial nerve

99
Q

What is the nerve supply of the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Facial nerve

100
Q

What actions do the suprahyoid muscles have on the mandible and on the hyoid bone?

A

Elevates hyoid bone

Tenses floor of mouth

101
Q

What is A?

A

Geniohyoid muscle

102
Q

What is B?

A

Digastric muscle (anterior belly)

103
Q

What is C?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

104
Q

What is D?

A

Stylohyoid muscle

105
Q

What is E?

A

Digastric muscle (posterior belly)

106
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid

107
Q

What is the nerve supply of the sternohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis

108
Q

What is the nerve supply of the sternothyroid muscle?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis

109
Q

What is the nerve supply of the thyrohyoid?

A

C1 (which reaches it by hitching a ride on the hypoglossal nerve)

110
Q

What is the nerve supply of the omohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis

111
Q

What action do the infrahyoid muscles have on the hyoid bone?

A

Lowers hyoid bone

112
Q

What is A?

A

Omohyoid muscle

113
Q

What is B?

A

Sternohyoid muscle

114
Q

What is C?

A

Sternothyroid muscle

115
Q

What is D?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

116
Q

Is the cervical plexus somatic or autonomic?

A

Somatic

117
Q

What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

118
Q

Between which two muscles do the roots of the cervical plexus emerge?

A

Anterior and middle scelene

119
Q

Name a nerve that emerges from the cervical plexus and travels down the thorax?

A

Phrenic nerve

120
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

Loop of nerves that are pert of cervical plexus

121
Q

What kind of gland is the thyroid gland?

A

Endocrine

122
Q

What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?

A

Left/right lobes and isthmus

123
Q

What is A?

A

Lobe of thyroid gland

124
Q

What is B?

A

Isthmus of thyroid

125
Q

At what level does the isthmus of thyroid gland lie?

A

C7 (whole gland is between C5 and T1)

126
Q

In which compartment of the neck does the thyroid gland lie?

A

Visceral compartment

127
Q

What artery provides blood to thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid artery (branch of external carotid artery)

and the inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)

128
Q

What is A?

A

Thyroid cartilage

129
Q

What is B?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

130
Q

What is C?

A

Cricoid cartilage

131
Q

What is D?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

132
Q

What is E?

A

Thyroid gland

133
Q

What is F?

A

Oesophagus

134
Q

What is G?

A

Inferior thyroid vein

135
Q

What is H?

A

Trachea

136
Q

What is I?

A

Sternothyroid muscle

137
Q

What is J?

A

Clavicle

138
Q

What is K?

A

Vagus nerve

139
Q

What is L?

A

Common carotid artery

140
Q

What is M?

A

Common carotid artery

141
Q

What is M?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve in tracho-oesophageal groove

142
Q

What is N?

A
143
Q

What is O?

A

Internal jugular vein

144
Q

What is P?

A

Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion

145
Q

What is Q?

A

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

146
Q

What is R?

A

Superior thyroid arteries and vein

147
Q

What is S?

A

External laryngeal nerve

148
Q

What is T?

A

Thoracic duct

149
Q

What is A?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

150
Q

What is B?

A

Superior thyroid artery

151
Q

What is the venous drainage of thyroid?

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

Year 2 Anatomy (17 decks)

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