Abdomen 2 Flashcards
What is the peritoneum
Transparent serous membrane that covers the body wall and organs
One continuous layer
What are the 2 subdivisions of the peritoneum?
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
What can the peritoneum form?
Folds such as mesenteries and omenta
Ligaments which may be vascular or avascular
What is the peritoneal cavity?
Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
What are the 2 major divisions of the peritoneal cavity termed?
Sacs
What are the 2 main divisions of the peritoneal cavity?
Greater sac
Lesser sac
Through which passage do the greater and lesser sac communicate?
Omental foramen
Where is the omental foramen located?
Posterior to free edge of lesser omentum
What are the relations of the omental foramen?
Anterior - hepatoduodenal ligament
Posterior - IVC and right crus of diaphragm
Superior - liver
Inferior - superior part of duodenum
Organs can be described upon how they are peritonised, what are the 2 different kinds?
Intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
What are intraperitoneal organs?
Ones which are completed surrounded by visceral peritoneum
What kind of peritnoeum are intrapertoneal organs surrouned by?
Visceral peritoneum
What are retroperitoneal organs?
Only covered by visceral peritoneum on their anterior surface and therefore are firmly attached to the posterior wall
What are examples of retroperitoneal organs?
Duodenum
Caecum
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Pancreas
Kidneys
Aorta
What are examples of intraperitoneal organs?
Stomach
Spleen
Liver
Jejenum
Ileum
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Bulb of duodenum
What is A?
Visceral peritoneum
What is B?
Mesentery (parietal peritoneum)
What is C?
Visceral peritoneum
What kind of peritoneum forms mesentery?
Parietal peritoneal
What is present within the peritoneal cavity?
Peritoneal fluid
What does the term extraperitoneal mean?
Describes structures in the abdomino-pelvic cavity which are not covered in peritoneum
Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature?
Parietal peritoneum
What is A?
Lesser omentum
What is B?
Greater sac
What is C?
Greater omentum
What is D?
Lesser sac
What is E?
Omental foramen
What are the attachments of the greater omentum?
Greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
What are the attachments of the lesser omentum?
Lesser curvature of stomach to liver
What is A?
Greater omentum
What is B?
Lesser omentum
What are some clinical notes for the greater omentum?
In infection inflammatory exudate causes the omentum to adhere to the site of infection and wrap itself around the infected organ
This localises the infection to a small area protecting against serious diffuse peritonitis
What is pain from the parietal peritoneum innervated by?
T7-L1
So can be precisely localised
What is pain from the visceral paritoneum innervated by?
Autonomic nerves
So pain is referred and poorly localised
What are the wall muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
Psoas mejor
Psoas minor
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum
What are organs/tubes of the posterior abdominal wall?
Thoracic duct
Kidneys
What are the main vessels of the posterior abdominal wall?
Abdominal aorta
IVC
What are the main nerves of the posterior abdominal wall?
Branches of lumbar plexus:
obturator nerve
femoral nerve
What is A?
Quadratus lumborum
What is B?
Iliacus
What is C?
Psoas major
What is D?
Psoas minor
What is A?
Femoral nerve
What is B?
Obturator nerve