Head and Neck Flashcards
What structures pass through the cribriform plate?
Olfactory (I) nerve bundles
What structures pass through the optic canal?
Optic nerve (II) including central artery of retina
Ophthalmic artery
What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Lacrimal, front and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Superior ophthalmic vein
What structures pass through foramen rotundum?
Maxiliary nerve (v2)
What structures pass through Foramen ovale?
O tic ganglion
V3 (Mandibular nerve:3rd branch of trigeminal)
A ccessory meningeal artery
L esser petrosal nerve
E missary veins
What structures pass through foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery and vein
What structures pass through foramen lacerum?
nothing
What structures pass through carotid canal?
internal carotid artery
internal carotid nerve plexus
What structures pass through internal acoustic meatus?
facial nerve (VII)
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
labyrinthine artery
What structures pass through jugular foramen?
Inferior petrosal sinus
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Accessory nerve (XI)
Sigmoid sinus -> internal jugular vein
Posterior meningeal artery
What structures pass through hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
What structures pass through the foramen magnum?
medulla oblongata
meninges
vertebral arteries
meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
spinal roots of accessory nerves
What passes through the mandibular foramen?
inferior alveolar neurovasscular bundle
what does the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle innervate?
mandibular teeth and supplies them with blood
What are the first and 2nd most commonly fractured facial bones?
- nasal bone
- mandible (at cuspid area and 3rd molar)
What sort of joint is the TMJ?
synovial joint between the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone and head of mandible
How many synovial cavities in TMJ?
2 separated by an articular disc of fibrocartilage
What is a Jefferson fracture?
fracture of the atlas usually across the anterior and posterior arches (method blow to top of head)
What is a hangman fracture?
fracture of the axis involving the dens or across the neural arch between superior and inferior articular facets
What type of joint is the Atlanto- occipital joint?
biaxial condyloid synovial joint between atlas and occipital condyles (nodding)
What type of joint is the Atlanto-axial joint?
uniaxial synovial joints (head turning)
what is the purpose of the alar internal craniocervical ligaments?
limit rotation
What are the 3 ear ossicles?
malleus, incus, stapes
Which muscles attache to the auditory ossicles?
tensor tympani (to malleus)
stapedius (to stapes)
dampen large vibrations