Head and Neck 1 Flashcards
What percent of patients require dilatation after gastric pull-up?
0.5
During endoscopic evaluation of a tumor of the hypopharynx, what four questions must be answered?
- Can the larynx be saved?
- Is a partial or total pharyngectomy necessary?
- 3•Is a partial or total esophagectomy necessary?
- 4•Does the tumor extend into the prevertebral fascia?
What are the indications for a supracricoid partial laryngectomy with CHP or CHEP?
- T2 transglottic (TG) or supraglottic (SG) lesions not amenable to SG laryngectomy secondary to ventricular invasion, glottic extension, or impaired 1VC motion.
- T3 TG/SG lesions with 1VC fixation or preepiglottic space involvement.
- 3• T4 TG/SG lesions with limited invasion of thyroid ala without extension through the outer thyroid perichondrium.
- 4• Selected glottic tumors at the anterior commissure with preepiglottic space or SG involvement.
What are the indications for esophageal bypass?
- Complete esophageal stenosis and failure to establish a lumen with dilatation. Irregularity and diverticuli of the esophagus.
- Mediastinitis secondary to dilatation. Fistula formation.
- Inability to maintain a lumen of 40 Fr or greater with dilatation. Patient intolerance of frequent procedures.
What percent of patients with long-term tracheostomies are colonized with Pseudomonas?
>60%.
What are the normal dimensions of the osteotomy in GA?
10 X 20 H1R1.
What is the incidence of stroke and mortality from carotid blowout?
10% stroke and 1% mortality rate if intravascular volume is repleted prior to going to the OR. so% stroke and 25% mortality rate if intravascular volume is not repleted prior to going to the OR.
What is the fistula rate following free jejunal transfer (nonirradiated patients)?
10-20%.
What is the incidence of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after total thyroidectomy?
1-4%.
What length of jejunum is normally harvested for reconstruction?
15-20 cm.
What is the fistula rate in patients who have had prior irradiation requiring total laryngectomy and partial pharyngectomy?
15-20%.
Which tumors of the pyriform sinus do not necessarily require total laryngectomy?
2 cm or smaller, located at least 1.5 cm superior to the pyriform fossa apex, with normal vocal cord movement, and no invasion into adjacent sites; patients must also have good pulmonary function.
What is the recommended excisional margin for a 3-cm melanoma?
2 cm.
Where on the lid is the implant placed?
2 mm above the lash line.
What is the minimal mandibular height necessary for performing Genioglossus advancement?
25 mm.
What percent of patients with tracheoinnominate fistulae survive?
25%.
What are the treatment options for Frey’s syndrome?
3% scopolamine cream, section Jacobson’s nerve, sternocleidomastoid muscle flap, interpose fascia lata between skin and gland, and botulinum toxin.
What is the minimal time for functional return of the facial nerve after anastomosis or grafting?
4-6 months.
What percent of all instances of tracheal bleeding developing 48 hours or longer after surgery are caused by tracheoinnominate fistulae?
50%.
What is the rate of major complications after gastric pull-up?
50%.
After microneurovascular muscle transfer, what is the maximum muscle power attainable compared with normal?
55%.
What are the recommended margins for excision of basal cell skin cancers (BCCs)?
5mm.
How far from the inferior border of the mandible should the osteotomy for Genioglossus advancement be placed?
8-10 mm.
What problem arises when regional or transplanted skin flaps are used for reconstruction of the hypopharynx when the larynx is preserved?
A large amount of immobile pharyngeal wall interferes with the pharyngeal component of swallowing, making aspiration inevitable.