Head Flashcards
Sutures of skull
Lambdoid
Coronal
Sagittal
Soft spots on children and what they form
Anterior fontanelle- bregma
Posterior fontanelle-lamba
Weak spot in skull
Pterion- where frontal, temporal, parietal and sphenoidal all meet
Middle meningeal artery deep to it- can cause extradural haematoma
Foramen which cranial nerves and arteries pass through
Cribiform plate- olfactory Optic canal- optic Superior optic fissure- oculomotor, trochlear, opthalamic branch of V and abducens Foramen spinosum- middle meningeal Foramen ovale- Mandibular V Foramen lacerum- internal carotid Foramen rotundum- maxillary V Carotid canal- Carotid arteries Stylomastoid foraemen- facial Internal acoustic meatus- vestibulocochlear Jugular foramen- Hypoglossal canal- Hypoglossal
Folds in dura mater
Forms falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
What passes through cavernous sinus
Pituitary
Internal Carotid
CN III, IV, VI, V1, V2
Main veins in brain
Superior sagittal Inferior sagittal Straight sinus Transverse sinus Sigmoidal sinus Great cerebral vein Cavernous sinus
Number of vertebrae in each area
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 fused sacral 4 fused coccygeal
Number of spinal nerves and relations to vertebrae level
8 cervical- all come above the vertebrae 12 thoracic- below 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
Main muscles in back
Trapezius
Latimmus dorsi
Rhomboid major and minor
Levator scapulae
Differences in different vertebrae
Cervical- foramen transversarium
Triagular canal
Spinous- bifid
Thoracic- demifacet
Lond downward spinous process
Facet on transverse process
Lumbar- Large
Body shaped like kidney
Ligaments in vertebrae
Supraspinous- runs down end of spinous processes
Ligamentum flavus- between lamella
Intraspinous ligament- between spinous processes
Posterior and anterior longitudinal- runs down body of vertebrae
Ligaments of atlas and axis
Alar ligament- connects dens to skull
Cruciate ligament- holds dens in place
Location of sphenoid bone
Posterior lateral side of orbit and inferior to frontal bone on side of the skull
Protuberance in occipital bone
Inion (occipital prominence)
Fossa of the skull and what is located in them
Anterior cranial fossa- Frontal lobe
Middle CF- temporal and pituitary gland
Posterior CF- cerebellum
Parts of Anterior cranial fossa and what it contains
Orbital part of frontal bone
Cribriform plate-raised bit is the crista galli (ethmoid bone)
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Orbital gyri- inferior part of the frontal lobe
Parts of middle cranial fossa
Greater wing of sphenoid
Ethmoid in between with temporal on outside
Boundaries between each cranial fossa
Anterior and middle- limbus of sphenoid bone
Middle and posterior- Petrous part of temporal bone
Posterior cranial fossa
Mainly made up occipital bone
Small amount of sphenoid and ethmoid bone anteriorly
Temporal laterally
2 layers of dura mater
Periosteal layer- outer
Meningeal layer- inner
Spaces in the dura mater
Subarachnoid space- CSF is located
Where 2 layers of dura mater separate in skull- sinuses
Spinal extradural space- CSF is taken
Dura folds
Flax cereberi
Tentorium cerebelli
Herniations of the brain
Subfalcine- displaced beneath free edge of falx cerebrai
Uncal- displaced beneath the tentorium cerebelli, which can put pressure on the midbrain
Tonsillar of cerebellum- herniation into the foramen magnum, which can put pressure on the medulla and spinal cord
