Head

Question 1

Sutures of skull

Answer 1

Lambdoid
Coronal
Sagittal

Question 2

Soft spots on children and what they form

Answer 2

Anterior fontanelle- bregma

Posterior fontanelle-lamba

Question 3

Weak spot in skull

Answer 3

Pterion- where frontal, temporal, parietal and sphenoidal all meet
Middle meningeal artery deep to it- can cause extradural haematoma

Question 4

Foramen which cranial nerves and arteries pass through

Answer 4

Cribiform plate- olfactory
Optic canal- optic
Superior optic fissure- oculomotor, trochlear, opthalamic branch of V and abducens
Foramen spinosum- middle meningeal
Foramen ovale- Mandibular V
Foramen lacerum- internal carotid
Foramen rotundum- maxillary V
Carotid canal- Carotid arteries
Stylomastoid foraemen- facial
Internal acoustic meatus- vestibulocochlear 
Jugular foramen- 
Hypoglossal canal- Hypoglossal

Question 5

Folds in dura mater

Answer 5

Forms falx cerebelli

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 6

What passes through cavernous sinus

Answer 6

Pituitary
Internal Carotid
CN III, IV, VI, V1, V2

Question 7

Main veins in brain

Answer 7

Superior sagittal
Inferior sagittal
Straight sinus
Transverse sinus
Sigmoidal sinus
Great cerebral vein
Cavernous sinus

Question 8

Number of vertebrae in each area

Answer 8

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 fused sacral
4 fused coccygeal

Question 9

Number of spinal nerves and relations to vertebrae level

Answer 9

8 cervical- all come above the vertebrae
12 thoracic- below
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 10

Main muscles in back

Answer 10

Trapezius
Latimmus dorsi
Rhomboid major and minor
Levator scapulae

Question 11

Differences in different vertebrae

Answer 11

Cervical- foramen transversarium
Triagular canal
Spinous- bifid

Thoracic- demifacet
Lond downward spinous process
Facet on transverse process

Lumbar- Large
Body shaped like kidney

Question 12

Ligaments in vertebrae

Answer 12

Supraspinous- runs down end of spinous processes
Ligamentum flavus- between lamella
Intraspinous ligament- between spinous processes
Posterior and anterior longitudinal- runs down body of vertebrae

Question 13

Ligaments of atlas and axis

Answer 13

Alar ligament- connects dens to skull

Cruciate ligament- holds dens in place

Question 14

Location of sphenoid bone

Answer 14

Posterior lateral side of orbit and inferior to frontal bone on side of the skull

Question 15

Protuberance in occipital bone

Answer 15

Inion (occipital prominence)

Question 16

Fossa of the skull and what is located in them

Answer 16

Anterior cranial fossa- Frontal lobe
Middle CF- temporal and pituitary gland
Posterior CF- cerebellum

Question 17

Parts of Anterior cranial fossa and what it contains

Answer 17

Orbital part of frontal bone
Cribriform plate-raised bit is the crista galli (ethmoid bone)
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone

Orbital gyri- inferior part of the frontal lobe

Question 18

Parts of middle cranial fossa

Answer 18

Greater wing of sphenoid

Ethmoid in between with temporal on outside

Question 19

Boundaries between each cranial fossa

Answer 19

Anterior and middle- limbus of sphenoid bone

Middle and posterior- Petrous part of temporal bone

Question 20

Posterior cranial fossa

Answer 20

Mainly made up occipital bone
Small amount of sphenoid and ethmoid bone anteriorly
Temporal laterally

Question 21

2 layers of dura mater

Answer 21

Periosteal layer- outer

Meningeal layer- inner

Question 22

Spaces in the dura mater

Answer 22

Subarachnoid space- CSF is located
Where 2 layers of dura mater separate in skull- sinuses
Spinal extradural space- CSF is taken

Question 23

Dura folds

Answer 23

Flax cereberi

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 24

Herniations of the brain

Answer 24

Subfalcine- displaced beneath free edge of falx cerebrai
Uncal- displaced beneath the tentorium cerebelli, which can put pressure on the midbrain
Tonsillar of cerebellum- herniation into the foramen magnum, which can put pressure on the medulla and spinal cord