Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adolescent and Emerging Adulthood > HDFS311-Unit 2 > Flashcards

HDFS311-Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Family Systems Approach

A

An approach to understanding family functioning that emphasizes how each relationship within the family influences the family as a whole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dyadic Relationship

A

A relationship between two persons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Disequilibrium

A

In the family systems approach, this term is used in reference to a change that requires adjustments from family members.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Midlife crisis

A

The popular belief, largely unfounded according to research, that most people experience a crisis when they reach about age 40, involving intensive reexamination of their lives and perhaps sudden and dramatic changes if they are dissatisfied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Caregiver relationship

A

Between siblings, a relationship in which one sibling serves parental functions for the other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Buddy Relationship

A

Between siblings, a relationship in which they treat each other as friends.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Critical Relationship

A

Between siblings, a relationship characterized by a high level of conflict and teasing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rival Relationship

A

Between siblings, a relationship in which they compete against each other and measure their success against one another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Casual Relationship

A

Between siblings, a relationship that is not emotionally intense, in which they have little to do with one another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parenting Styles

A

The patterns of practices that parents exhibit in relation to their children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Demandingness

A

The degree to which parents set down rules and expectations for behavior and require their children to comply with them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Responsiveness

A

The degree to which parents are sensitive to their children’s needs and express love, warmth, and concern for them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Authoritative Parents

A

A parenting style in which parents are high in demandingness and high in responsiveness, i.e., they love their children but also set clear standards for behavior and explain to their children those reasons for those standards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Authoritarian Parents

A

Parenting style in which parents are high in demandingness but low in responsiveness; i.e., they require obedience from their children and punish disobedience without compromise, but show little warmth or affection toward them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Permissive Parents

A

Parenting style in which parents are low in demandingness and high in responsiveness. They show love and affection toward their children but are permissive with regard to standards for behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disengaged Parents

A

Parenting style in which parents are low in both demandingness and responsiveness and relatively uninvolved in their children’s development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Autonomy

A

The quality of being independent and self-sufficient, capable of thinking for one’s self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reciprocal Effects

A

In relations between parents and children, the concept that children are not only affected by their parents but affect their parents in return. Also called bidirectional effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bidirectional Effects

A

See Reciprocal Effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Differential Parenting

A

When parents’ behavior differs towards siblings within the same family.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nonshared Environment Influences

A

Influences experienced differently among siblings within the same family, e.g., when parents behave differently with their different children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Traditional Parenting Style

A

The kind of parenting typical in traditional cultures, high in responsiveness and high in a kind of demandingness that does not encourage discussion and debate but rather expects compliance by virtue of cultural beliefs supporting the inherent authority of the parental role.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Familismo

A

Concept of family life characteristic of Latino cultures that emphasizes the love, closeness, and mutual obligations of family life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Attachment Theory

A

Theory originally developed by British psychiatrist John Bowlby, asserting that among humans as among other primates, attachments between parents and children have an evolutionary basis in the need for vulnerable young members of the species to stay in close proximity to adults who will care for and protect them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Type of attachment to caregiver in which infants use the caregiver as a “secure base from which to explore” when all is well, but seek physical comfort and consolation from her if frightened or threatened.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Insecure Attachment

A

Type of attachment to caregiver in which infants are timid about exploring the environment and resist or avoid the caregiver when she attempts to offer comfort or consolation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Primary Caregiver

A

The person mainly responsible for caring for an infant or young child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Internal Working Model

A

In attachment theory, the term for the cognitive framework, based on interactions in infancy with the primary caregiver, that shapes expectations and interactions in relationships to others throughout life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Relatedness

A

The quality of being emotionally close to another person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Affective Functions

A

Emotional functions of the family, pertaining to love, nurturance, and attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Custodial Parent

A

The parent who lives in the same household as the children following a divorce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Dual-earner Family

A

A family in which both parents are employed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Family Structure

A

The outward characteristics of a family, such as whether or not the parents are married.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Family Process

A

The quality of relationships among family members.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Divorce Mediation

A

An arrangement in which a professional mediator helps divorcing parents negotiate an agreement that both will find acceptable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Peers

A

People who share some aspect of their status, such as being the same age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Friends

A

Persons with whom an individual has a valued, mutual relationship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Intimacy

A

The degree to which two people share personal knowledge, thoughts, and feelings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Selective Association

A

The principle that most people tend to choose friends who are similar to themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Informational Support

A

Between friends, advice and guidance in solving personal problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Instrumental Support

A

Between friends, help with tasks of various kinds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Companionship Support

A

Between friends, reliance on each other as companions in social activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Esteem Support

A

The support friends provide each other by providing congratulations for success and encouragement or consolation for failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Cliques

A

Small groups of friends who know each other well, do things together, and form a regular social group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Crowds

A

Large, reputation-based groups of adolescents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Relational Aggression

A

A form of nonphysical aggression that harms others by damaging their relationships, for example by excluding them socially or spreading rumors about them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Dormitory

A

In some traditional cultures, a dwelling in which the community’s adolescents sleep and spend their leisure time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Men’s House

A

In some traditional cultures, a dormitory where adolescent boys sleep and hang out along with adult men who are widowed or divorced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Participant Observation

A

A research method that involves talking part in various activities with the people being studied, and learning about them through participating in the activities with them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Sociometry

A

A method for assessing popularity and unpopularity that involves having students rate the social status of other students.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Social Skills

A

Skills for successfully handling social relations and getting along well with others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Rejected Adolescents

A

Adolescents who are actively disliked by their peers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Neglected Adolescents

A

Adolescents who have few or no friends and are largely unnoticed by their peers.

54
Q

Social Information Processing

A

Their interpretation of others’ behavior and intentions in a social interaction.

55
Q

Controversial Adolescents

A

Adolescents who are aggressive but who also possess social skills, so that they evoke strong emotions both positive and negative from their peers.

56
Q

Bullying

A

In peer relationships the aggressive assertion of power by one person over another.

57
Q

Cyberbullying

A

Bullying via electronic means, mainly through the internet.

58
Q

Youth Culture

A

The culture of young people as a whole, separate from children and separate from adult society, characterized by values of hedonism and irresponsibility.

59
Q

Subterranean Values

A

Values such as hedonism, excitement, and adventure, asserted by sociologists to be the basis of youth culture.

60
Q

Style

A

The distinguishing features to youth culture, including image, demeanor, and argot.

61
Q

Image

A

In Brake’s description of the characteristic of youth culture, refers to dress, hair style, jewelry, and other aspects of appearance.

62
Q

Demeanor

A

In Brake’s description of youth cultures, refers to distinctive forms of gesture, gait, and posture.

63
Q

Argot (pronounced ar-go)

A

In youth culture, a certain vocabulary and a certain way of speaking.

64
Q

Postfigurative Cultures

A

Cultures in which what children and adolescents need to learn to function as adults changes little from one generation to the next, and therefore children and adolescents can learn all they need to know from their elders.

65
Q

Cofigurative Cultures

A

Cultures in which young people learn what they need to know not only from adults but also from other young people.

66
Q

Prefigurative Cultures

A

Cultures in which young people teach knowledge to adults.

67
Q

Dating Scripts

A

The cognitive models that guide dating interactions.

68
Q

Proactive Script

A

A dating script, more common for males than for females, that includes initiating the date, deciding where they will go, controlling the public domain (e.g., driving the car and opening the doors), and initiating sexual contact.

69
Q

Reactive Script

A

A dating script, more common for females than males, that focuses on the private domain (e.g., spending considerable time on dress and grooming prior to the date), responding to the date’s gestures in the public domain (e.g., being picked up, waiting for him to open the doors), and responding to his sexual initiatives.

70
Q

Liking

A

In Sternberg’s theory of love, the type of love that is based on intimacy alone, without passion or commitment.

71
Q

Infatuation

A

In Sternberg’s theory of love, the type of love that is based on passion alone, without intimacy or commitment.

72
Q

Empty Love

A

In Sternberg’s theory of love, the type of love that is based on commitment alone, without passion or intimacy.

73
Q

Romantic Love

A

In Sternberg’s theory of love, the type of love that combines passion and intimacy, but without commitment.

74
Q

Companionate Love

A

In Sternberg’s theory of love, the type of love that combines intimacy and commitment, but without passion.

75
Q

Fatuous Love

A

In Sternberg’s theory of love, the type of love that involves passion and commitment without intimacy.

76
Q

Consummate Love

A

In Sternberg’s theory of love, the form of love that integrates passion, intimacy, and commitment.

77
Q

Consensual Validation

A

In social science studies of interpersonal attraction, the principle that people like to find in others an agreement or consensus with their own characteristics and view of life.

78
Q

Initiation Phase

A

In Brown’s developmental model of adolescent love, the first phase, usually in early adolescense, when the first tentative explorations of romatic interests begin, usually superficial and brief, often fraught with anxiety, fear, and excitement.

79
Q

Status Phase

A

In Brown’s developmental model of adolescent love, the second phase, in which adolescents begin to gain confidence in their skills at interacting with potential romantic partners and begin to form their first romantic relationships, assessing not just how much they like and are attracted to the person but also how their status with friends and peers would be influenced.

80
Q

Affection Phase

A

In Brown’s developmental model of adolescent love, the third phase, in which adolescents come to know each other better and express deeper feelings for each other, as well as engaging in more extensive sexual activity.

81
Q

Bonding Phase

A

In Brown’s developmental model of adolescent love, the final phase, in which the romantic relationship becomes more enduring and serious; partners begin to discuss the possibility of a lifelong commitment to each other.

82
Q

Arranged Marriage

A

A marriage in which the marriage partners are determined not by the partners themselves but by others, usually the parents or other family elders.

83
Q

Cohabitation

A

Living with a romantic partner outside of marriage

84
Q

Sexuality

A

Biological sexual development as well as sexual values, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, relationships, and behavior.

85
Q

Restrictive Cultures

A

Cultures that place strong prohibitions on adolescent sexual activity before marriage.

86
Q

Double Standard

A

Two different sets of rules for sexual behavior, one applying to males and the other females, with rules for females usually being more restrictive

87
Q

Semirestrictive Cultures

A

Cultures that have prohibitions on premarital adolescent sex, but the prohibitions are not strongly enforced and are easily evaded

88
Q

Permissive Cultures

A

Cultures that encourage and expect sexual activity from their adolescents.

89
Q

Sexual Scripts

A

Cognitive frameworks, often different for males and females, for understanding how a sexual experience is supposed to proceed and how sexual experiences are to be interpreted.

90
Q

Sexual Harassment

A

A wide range of threatening or aggressive behaviors related to sexuality, from mild harassment such as name-calling, jokes, and leering looks to severe harassment involving unwanted touching or sexual contact.

91
Q

Date Rape

A

An act of sexual aggression in which a person, usually a woman, is forced by a romantic partner, date, or acquaintance to have sexual relations against her will.

92
Q

Coming Out

A

For homosexuals, the process of acknowledging their homosexuality and then disclosing the truth to their friends, family, and others.

93
Q

Homophobia

A

Fear and hatred of homosexuals.

94
Q

Parental Notification

A

A legal requirement, in some states, that minors must notify their parents before having an abortion.

95
Q

Parental Consent

A

A legal requirement in some states, that minors must obtain their parents’ permission to have an abortion.

96
Q

Asymptomatic

A

A condition common with STIs in which an infected person shows no symptoms of the disease but may potentially infect others.

97
Q

Latency Period

A

A period, common with STI’s between the time a person is infected with a disease and the time symptoms appear.

98
Q

Comprehensive Sexuality Education

A

Sex education programs that begin at an early age and include detailed information on sexual development and sexual behavior, with easy access to contraception for adolescents who choose to become sexually active.

99
Q

Abstinence-Plus Programs

A

Sex education programs that encourage adolescents to delay intercourse while also providing contraceptive information for adolescents who nevertheless choose to have intercourse.

100
Q

Cultural Beliefs

A

The predominant beliefs in a culture about right and wrong, what is most important in life, and how life should be lived. May also include beliefs about where and how life originated and what happens after death.

101
Q

Symbolic Inheritance

A

The set of ideas and understandings, both implicit and explicit, about persons, society, nature, and divinity that serve as a guide to life in a particular culture. It is expressed symbolically through stories, songs, rituals, sacred objects, and sacred places.

102
Q

Roles

A

Defined social positions in a culture, containing specifications of behavior, status, and relations with others. Examples include gender, age, and social class.

103
Q

Gender Roles

A

Cultural beliefs about the kinds of work, appearance, and other aspects of behavior that distinguish women from men.

104
Q

Socialization

A

The process by which people acquire the behaviors and beliefs of the culture in which they live.

105
Q

Self-regulation

A

The capacity of exercising self-control in order to restrain one’s impulses and comply with social norms.

106
Q

Role Preparation

A

An outcome of socialization that includes preparation for occupational roles, gender roles, and roles in institutions such as marriage and parenthood.

107
Q

Bat Mitzvah

A

Jewish religious ritual for girls at age 13 that signifies the adolescents’ new responsibilities with respect to Jewish beliefs.

108
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

Jewish religious ritual for boys at age 13 that signifies the adolescents’ new responsibilities with respect to Jewish beliefs.

109
Q

Sources of Meaning

A

The ideas and beliefs that people learn as a part of socialization, indicating what is important, what is to be valued, what is to be lived for, and how to explain and offer consolation for the individual’s morality.

110
Q

Interdependent Self

A

A conception of the self typically found in collectivistic cultures, in which the self is seen as defined by roles and relationships within the group.

111
Q

Independent Self

A

A conception of the self typically found in individualistic cultures, in which the self is seen as existing independently of relations with others, with an emphasis on independence, individual freedoms, and individual achievements.

112
Q

Broad Socialization

A

The process by which persons in an individualistic culture come to learn individualism, including values of individual uniqueness, independence, and self-expression.

113
Q

Narrow Socialization

A

The process by which persons in a collectivistic culture come to learn collectivism, including values of obedience and conformity.

114
Q

Custom Complex

A

A customary practice and the beliefs, values, sanctions, rules, motives, and satisfactions associated with it; that is, a normative practice in a culture and the cultural beliefs that provide the basis for that practice.

115
Q

Ontogenetic

A

Something that occurs naturally in the course of development as part of normal maturation; that is, it is driven by innate processes rather than by environmental stimulation or a specific cultural practice.

116
Q

First-generational Families

A

The status of persons who were born in one country and then immigrated to another.

117
Q

Second-generation Families

A

The status of persons who were born in the country they currently reside in but whose parents were born in a different country.

118
Q

Secular

A

Based on nonreligious beliefs and values

119
Q

Social Desirability

A

The tendency for people participating in social science studies to report their behavior as they believe it would be approved by others rather than as it actually occurred.

120
Q

Poetic-Conventional Faith

A

Folwer’s term for the stage of faith development most typical of early adolescence, in which people become more aware of the symbolism used in their faith and religious understanding becomes more complex in the sense that early adolescents increasingly believe that there is more than one way of knowing the truth.

121
Q

Individuating-Reflective Faith

A

Fowler’s term for the stage of faith most typical of late adolescence and emerging adulthood, in which people rely less on what their parents believed and develop a more individualized faith based on questioning their beliefs and incorporating their personal experience into their beliefs.

122
Q

Ramadan

A

A month in the Muslim year that commemorates the revelation of the Koran from God to the prophet Muhammad, requiring fasting from sunrise to sunset each day and refraining from all sensual indulgences.

123
Q

Koran

A

The holy book of the religion of Islam, believed by Muslims to have been communicated to Muhammad from God through the angel Gabriel.

124
Q

Heteronomous Morality

A

Piaget’s term for the period of moral development from about ages 4 to about 7, in which moral rules are viewed as having a sacred, fixed quality, handed down from figures of authority and alterable only by them.

125
Q

Autonomous Morality

A

Piaget’s term for the period of moral development from about ages 10 to 12, involving a growing realization that moral rules are social conventions that can be changed if people decide they should be changed.

126
Q

Preconventional Reasoning

A

In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, the level in which moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments.

127
Q

Conventional Reasoning

A

In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, the level of moral reasoning in which the person advocates the value of conforming to the moral expectations of others. What is right is whatever agrees with the rules established by tradition and by authorities.

128
Q

Postconventional Reasoning

A

In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, the level in which moral reasoning is based on the individual’s own independent judgments rather than on egocentric considerations or considerations of what others view as wrong or right.

129
Q

Justice Orientation

A

A type of moral orientation that places a premium on abstract principles of justice, equality, and fairness.

130
Q

Care Orientation

A

Gilligan’s term for the type of moral orientation that involves focusing on relationships with others as the basis for moral reasoning.

131
Q

Worldview

A

A set of cultural beliefs that explain what it means to be human, how human relations should be conducted, and how human problems should be addressed.

Adolescent and Emerging Adulthood (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions