HDFS302-Unit 2 Flashcards
Love
A strong affection for one another arising out of kinship or personal ties; attraction based on sexual desire; and affection based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests
Attachment Theory
A theory postulating that the way in which infants form attachments early in life will affect relationships throughout later life.
Secure Attachment
An attachment type where infants feel safe when their mothers are out of sight
Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment
An attachment type where infants become nervous when their parent leaves the room and can show rejection when the parent returns.
Avoidant Attachment
An attachment type where infants show little attachment to their primary parent
Courtly Love
A poetic style of the Middle Ages when poets or troubadours would write songs of unrequited love and present them at the court of their aristocratic/royal masters
Feminization of Love
The process beginning in the 19th century in which love became associated with the private work of women in the home, namely, nurturing and caring for family members.
Romantic Love
A type of love that is characterized by passion, melodrama, and excitement, and which receives a lot of media attention.
Companionate Love
A type of love that grows over time, based on strong commitment, friendship, and trust.
Sociobiology
An evolutionary theory that all humans have an instinctive impulse to pass on their genetic material.
Biochemical Perspective of Love
Theories that suggest humans are attracted to certain types of people, at which point the brain releases natural chemicals that give us a rush we experience as sexual attraction.
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
A theory that sees love as having three elements: intimacy, passion, and commitment
Nonlove
Relationships with little to no love, there is little to no intimacy, passion, or commitment.
Empty Love
Sometimes people remain together solely because of a commitment–perhaps they stay together “for the sake of the kids” or because they are also business partners and ending the relationship would be too complicated. These relationships are void of passion and intimacy.
Liking
These relationships are intimate, such as good friendships, but typically there is no passion or commitment.
Infatuated Love
We see these types of relationships on television or among movie stars–the relationship is full of passion, but when that passion ends, little intimacy or commitment remains.
Companionate Love
These relationships characterize long-term couples; the passion may have waned, but the couples share intimacy and a commitment to one another.
Fatuous Love
Passion and commitment are the elements of this type of love; people may marry (or cohabit) very early on, but without developing real intimacy.
Romantic Love
These relationships are intense, and full of passion and intimacy. However, they typically lack a degree of commitment. The focus is on physical and sexual attraction.
Consummate Love
When the relationship contains all three components, Sternberg calls this “consummate love”–it is all that love can be.
Lee’s Styles of Love
A categorization of six types of love that describe how couples are attracted to one another.
Eros
Passionate, strong physical attraction
Storge
Companionate, mutual love, respect, trust
Pragma
Practical, sensible
Ludus
Playful, carefree, casual
Agape
Altruistic, kind, patient
Mania
Obsessive, possessive, intense
Reiss’s Wheel Theory of Love
A developmental theory that shows relationships moving from the establishment of rapport, to self-revelation, mutual dependence, and finally, need fulfillment.
Controlling the Development of Love
A macro-level perspective on love suggesting that all societies control or channel love.
Dowry
A financial gift given to a woman’s prospective in-laws by her parents.
Unrequited Love
When one person’s feelings are not reciprocated by the other person in the relationship.
Stalking
Conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to be fearful
Cyberstalking (or electronic monitoring):
Stalking contact using electronic technology.
Masturbation
Sexually stimulating one’s own body
Menarche
A woman’s first menstrual period.
Intersexed
Those born with genitalia that do not clearly identify them as unambiguously male or female
Transgender
When a person feels as comfortable, if not more so, in expressing gendered traits that are associated with the other sex.
Transsexual
An individual who undergoes sex reassignment surgery and hormone treatments.
Sexual Orientation
The sexual and romantic patterns of partners of choice.
Heterosexual
Having an attraction and preference for developing romantic and sexual relationships with the opposite sex.
Homosexual
Having an attraction and preference for relationships with members of one’s own sex.
Bisexual
An orientation in which a person is attracted to both males and females.
Homophobia (or anti-gay prejudice):
Having very strong negative feelings toward homosexuality.
Sexual Scripts
The norms or rules regarding sexual behavior.
Double Standard
The idea that men have been allowed far more permissiveness in sexual behavior than women.
Sexology
A field compromised of a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, researchers, and educators who study sexuality.
Oral Sex
The oral stimulation of the genitals.
Cunnilingus
The oral stimulation of the woman’s genitals by her partner.
Fellatio
The oral stimulation of the man’s genitals by his partner.
Hooking Up
Sexual interactions without commitment or even affection for one another.
Extramarital Sex
Sex, while married, with someone other than your spouse.
Communication
An interactive process that uses symbols like words and gestures to both send and receive messages.
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
The concept that language shapes our culture, and at the same time, our culture shapes our language.
Listening:
The process of giving thoughtful attention to what we hear.
Active Listening
Extremely attentive listening, where the listener has good eye contact and body language, and encourages the other person to continue talking.
Verbal Communication
The spoken exchange of thoughts, feelings, or other messages.
Nonverbal communication
Communicating without words, by using gestures, expressions, and body language.
Self-disclosure
Telling a person something private about yourself that he or she would not otherwise know.
Conflict
Disagreements over decision making, problem solving, or achieving goals, which can result from differences between group members in personality, perception, information, tolerance, for risk, and power or influence.
Pseudoconflict
Falsely perceiving that our partner is interfering with our goals or has incompatible goals.
Content Conflict
A type of conflict where individuals disagree about information.
Value Conflict
A type of conflict that results from differing opinions on subjects that relate to personal values and issues of right or wrong.
Ego Conflict
A type of conflict where individuals believe they must win at all costs to save face.
Regulating Couples
Couples who use communication to promote closeness and intimacy.
Non-regulated Couples
Couples who have many negative communication exchanges.
Power
The ability to exercise your will.
Personal Power
The degree of autonomy a person has to exercise his or her will.
Social Power
The ability to exercise your will over another person.
Intimate Partner Power
A type of power that involves decision making among intimate partners, their division of labor, and their sense of entitlement.
Resource Theory
A theory of power that suggests that the spouse with the more prestigious or higher paying job can use that advantage to generate more power in the relationship and thereby influence decision making.
Relative Love and Need Theory
A theory of power that looks at the way that love itself is feminized, defined, and interpreted.
“Doing Gender”
A theory of power that suggests that we take power differentials among men and women for granted and continue to reproduce them.
Marriage
A legally and socially recognized relationship that includes sexual, economic, and social rights and responsibilities for partners
Child Marriage
Having the child betrothed or married prior to puberty before feelings of romantic love are likely to develop
Kinship Rules
Adopting specific kinship rules so there is little choice as to whom to marry.
Segregation
Separating men and women so there is little to no chance for interaction.
Close Supervision
Short of isolation, strictly supervising and chaperoning of young people.
Relative Freedom
Managing the social environment of young people through schools, neighborhoods, churches, and other organizations.
Marital Decline Perspective
The view that the institution of marriage is increasingly being threatened by hedonistic pursuits of personal happiness at the expense of long-term commitment.
Marital Resilience Perspective
The view that overall, marriage is no weaker than in the past, but that all families need an increase in structural supports to thrive.
Homogamous Marriage
A type of marriage in which spouses share certain social characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, education, age, and social class.
Heterogamous Marriage
A type of marriage in which spouses do not share certain social characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, education, age, and social class.
Antimiscegenation Laws
Laws forbidding interracial marriage, which existed at the state level until 1967.
Interracial Marriage
A type of marriage in which spouses come from different racial groups
Interethnic Marriage
A type of marriage in which spouses come from different countries or have different cultural, religious, or ethnic backgrounds.
Civil Union
A public policy designed to extend some benefits to partners who are not legally married.
Marriage Premium
The concept that married people are happier, healthier, and financially better off than those who are not married.
Selection Effect
The hypothesis that people who marry may be different from those who do not marry; for example, they may be happier, healthier, and have more money.
Wage Premium
Generally, married men earn more than their unmarried counterparts, particularly married men with stay-at home wives.
Social Capital
The goods and services that are by-products of social relationships, including connections, social support, information, or financial help.
Conflict-Habituated Marriage
A type of marriage that includes frequent conflict, although it may be enduring.
Devitalized Marriage
An enduring marriage that exists without much passion.
Passive-congenital Marriage.
An enduring marriage that includes little conflict but also little excitement.
Vital Marriage
A type of marriage in which the lives of partners are intertwined; physical and emotional intimacy are important, and both work hard at communication and compromise so their relationship continues to be satisfying and enjoyable.
Total Marriage
A type of marriage in which spouses share many facets of their lives such as a business they own, friends, or hobbies with few independent interests.
Marriage Movement
The activities of a group of some religious leaders, marriage and family therapists, and government leaders who hope to influence public policy to promote and strengthen traditional marriage.
Covenant Marriage
A type of marriage available in three states that restricts access to divorce, requires premarital counseling, and imposes other rules and regulations.
Peer Marriage
A type of marriage in which couples consider themselves to have equal status or standing in the relationship.
