HC11- capturing business value Flashcards
key issues in managing knowledge (5)
- Generating and acquiring new knowledge
- Identifying and codifying existing knowledge
- Storing and retrieving knowledge
- Sharing and distributing knowledge across the organization
- Exploiting and embedding knowledge in processes, products and services
Organizations can acquire knowledge by experience, experimentation or acquisition. Learning from
experience is the least effective. Organizations can accumulate experience of an inferior technique,
preventing them from learning better things (‘competency trap’). Experimentation is a systematic
approach to learning. Acquisition of knowledge involves scanning the internal and external
environments.
central challenges in knowledge management (3)
- identify, order and process explicit info and knowledge
- to encourage the exchange of tacit knowledge between communities of practice
- to translate tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge
knowledge management activities include
- Capturing and re-using past experience
- Creating, maintaining and exploiting knowledge stores
- Embedding knowledge in processes, products and services
knowledge routines in three innovation phases
- Discovery (search-capture-articulate): scanning and searching the internal and external
environments to pick up and process signals about potential innovation
Realization (contextualize-apply): how the organization can successfully implement the
innovation, from growth to launch. - Nurturing (evaluate-support-reinnovate): nurturing the chosen option by providing
resources, developing the means for exploration
Legal tests required for a patent: (5)
- Novelty: no part of ‘prior art’
- Inventive step: ‘not obvious to a person skilled in the art’
- Industrial application: requires the invention to be capable of being applied to a machine,
product or process - Patentable subject: discoveries cannot be patented
- Clear and complete disclosure
Exploiting intellectual property
Key types:
* Patent
* Design
* Copyright ©
* Trade Mark ‘TM’
* Internet domain name
design
Design registration is a cross between patent & copyright
protection:
* provides protection for up to 25 years:
* protects only visual appearance
* covers four features - shape, configuration, pattern & ornament
* cheaper & easier than patent protection, but more limited scope
copyright
Limited legal protection of certain material for a specific term:
- type of material - ‘original’ literary (incl. s/w), dramatic, musical, & artistic works
- protection - reproduction in ‘material form’ within 50 years
- infringement - ‘substantial taking’ vs. ‘fair dealing
limits of IPR
intellectual property rights
- cost of search, registration & renewal
- need to register in various national markets
- full & public disclosure of your idea
- need to be able to enforce
Alternatively:
* keep it secret, like
* Coca Cola,
* Paperfoam
Patent strategies:
- Offensive: multiple patents in related fields to limit or prevent competition
- Defensive: specific patents for key technologies that are intended to be developed and commercialized, to minimize imitation
- Financial: optimize income through sale or license
open innovation:
- Bargaining: designed to promote strategic alliances, adoption of standards or cross-licensing
- Reputation: improve the image or position of a company
explicit knowledge
Explicit knowledge is knowledge that is straightforwardly expressed and shared between people.
tacit knowledge
Tacit knowledge is the knowledge you’ve gained through living experience, both in your personal life and professional development
A framework model for sustainability-led innovation
SLI involves three dimensions:
- Innovation’s focus (technology – people)
- Firms view of itself in relation to society (insular – systemic)
- Extent to which innovation extends across the firm (stand-alone – integrated)
