HC 4 - Automated Vehicles

Question 1

Level 0 of automatic vehicles

Answer 1

No automatic features

Question 2

Level 1 of automatic vehicles

Answer 2

Handling 1 task at the time

Lane keeping OR automated breaking

Driver is responsible

Question 3

Level 2 of automatic vehicles

Answer 3

At least 2 automated functions

Lane keeping AND cruise control

Driver is responsible

Tesla, so far on the market

Question 4

Level 3 of automatic vehicles

Answer 4

Handling dynamic driving tasks, might need intervention

System is responsible, not the driver
Cant handle every scenario: sending alert to respond in 10 seconds -> not safe!

Question 5

Level 4 of automatic vehicles

Answer 5

Officially driverless (in certain environments)

• no need to sit in front
• only works in specific safe environments that have clear map/knowing road

Question 6

Level 5 of automatic vehicles

Answer 6

Entirely operation on their own, without any driver presence

• google car, true selfdriving car
• we are not so far

Question 7

Highest reached level of automated vehicles

Answer 7

Level 2, Tesla

Question 8

The problem with the rising fear of autonomous vehicles

Answer 8

Outsized reactions on inevitable accidents!

“they need real-world examples, but I dont want to be their real-world mistake”

Question 9

What is Human Machine Interfaces?

Answer 9

Vehicle and human can be seen as a joint cognitive system

HMI provides continuous interaction between human and vehicle

Question 10

3 main challenges for HMI

Answer 10

1. Minimize mode error
2. Stimulate appropriate level of attention and intervention
   - higher reliability = lower attention = higher impact of failure
3. Minimize automation surprizes
   - absence of expected action
   - presence of unexpected action

Question 11

Pedestrians

External HMI main challenges 3

Answer 11

1. Communication
   - instruction vs. intention; INTENTION IS BETTER ‘im stopping’
2. Scalability
   - how to communicate to lots of people? intention providing = better!
3. Colour
   - Need to comply with road regulations
   - Cyan = best new color

Question 12

Definition of trust

Answer 12

Attitude, that an agent will help achieve an individuals goals in an uncertain and vulnerable situation.

Question 13

3 important things about trust in automation

Answer 13

1. uncertainty & vulnerablility
2. not an unidimensional construct (not absent or present -> fluctuate)
3. situation specific -> sometimes more/less

Question 14

3 types of trust in automation

Answer 14

1. Dispositional trust
2. Situational trust
3. Dynamic Learned Trust

Question 15

Dispositional trust

Answer 15

Overall tendency to TRUST an automation
- pre-dispostion, based on gender, age, culture, personality

Question 16

Situational trust

Answer 16

Trust experience in a SPECIFIC SITUATION
- external variability: wheather/road conditions
- internal variability: self-confidance/mood

Question 17

Dynamic Learned Trust

Answer 17

Trust DEVELOPED OVER TIME
- based on skills and knowledge through past experiences and interactions
- ALL SITUATIONAL

Question 18

Trust calibration

Answer 18

Vehicle behavior + situational trust

• what is needed based on the design!
• appropriate amount!! Not too much

Question 19

Guidelines for trust calibration

Answer 19

• design for appropriate trust!
• show purpose of automation
• train operators, regarding expected reliability
• carefully evaluate antropmorphizing (human like factors), they increase (unwanted) trust!