HC 13

Question 1

What is multi-modal imaging?

Answer 1

Combination of data obtained with different instruments.

-Combine strengths of different approaches & overcome weaknesses of each method in isolation
-Simultaneous or seperate recordings
-Intergrate information about space, time, brain chemistry, causility
-Safety is crucial with additional equipment
-Study design appropriate for both methods
-Multiplied degrees of freedom in analyses => a priori hypotheses and adequate corrections for multiple comparisons

Question 2

What are the benefits of multi-modal imaging?

Answer 2

Improving spatial and temporal resolution: One modality’s superior temporal resolution combined with superior spatial resolution for other modality (EEG and fMRI).

Get a more comprehensive physiological view on brain processes (fMRI and PET).

Question 3

What are the advantages and disadvantages of simultaneous recordings (vs seperate)?

Answer 3

+mandatory if neuronal events are state-dependent and vary with context
+no between-subjects variance
+no order/practise effects
+identical situation

-specific instrumentation has to be developed
-degraded data quality in terms of signal-to-noise and increased artifacts
-increased subject discomfort and set-up time

Question 4

How can fMRI and EEG be combined?

Answer 4

fMRI has:
+high spatial resolution including subcortical areas
-low temporal resolution, but still allows event-related designs

EEG has:
+high temporal resolution, online monitoring of cognitive processes
-low spatial resolution
-limited to cortical surface

Possible options:
2 parallel data sets, analyze separately and compare, correlate
*Use fMRI localizer for EEG source reconstruction
*Use EEG single-trial amplitudes as parametric modulator in GLM

Question 5

How can fMRI and PET be combined?

Answer 5

fMRI has:
+high spatial resolution including subcortical areas
-low temporal resolution, but still allows event-related designs

PET has:
+neurotransmitter binding (synaptic level)
+OK spatial resolution
-very low temporal resolution, no event-related designs
-rather invasive
-difficult logistics

Question 6

How can TMS and fMRI be combined?

Answer 6

TMS has:
+stimulation of regions affects ongoing processes
+rTMS can result in long-lasting changes
-limited to cortical surface
-no direct measure of cortical activity
-somewhat invasive

fMRI has:
+high spatial resolution including subcortical areas
-low temporal resolution, but still allows event-related designs

Question 7

How can pharmacological manipulations be used with neuroimaging?

Answer 7

Pharmaco can be used in combination with any method under strict ethical guidelines, but this also creates confounds.

Question 8

What is univariate analysis of fMRI?

Answer 8

Dysfunctional involvement of particular information processing steps.

Question 9

What is decoding MVPA?

Answer 9

Change in representational content.

Question 10

What is anatomical/functional connectivity analyses?

Answer 10

Change in access to representations.