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MAMS > HBS Exam 3- Head and Neck > Flashcards

HBS Exam 3- Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

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2
Q

CN II

A

optic

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3
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

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4
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear

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5
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

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6
Q

CN VI

A

abducens

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7
Q

CN VII

A

facial

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

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9
Q

CN IX

A

glossophayngeal

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10
Q

CN X

A

vagus

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11
Q

CN XI

A

accessory

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12
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

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13
Q

CN I cranial exit

A

cribiform plate

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14
Q

CN II cranial exit

A

optic canal

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15
Q

CN III cranial exit

A

superior orbital fissure

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16
Q

CN IV cranial exit

A

superior orbital fissure

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17
Q

CN V cranial exit V1

A

superior orbital fissure

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18
Q

CN V cranial exit V2

A

foramen rotundom

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19
Q

CN V cranial exit V3

A

foramen ovale

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20
Q

CN VI cranial exit

A

superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

CN VII cranial exit

A

enters skull via internal acoustic meatus

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22
Q

CN VIII cranial exit

A

enters skull via internal acoustic meatus

doesn’t exit skull

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23
Q

CN IX cranial exit

A

jugular foramen

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24
Q

CN X cranial exit

A

jugular foramen

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25
Q

CN XI cranial exit

A

jugular foramen

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26
Q

CN XII cranial exit

A

hypoglossal canal

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27
Q

CN I category

A

sensory

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28
Q

CN II category

A

sensory

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29
Q

CN III category

A

motor

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30
Q

CN IV category

A

motor

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31
Q

CN V category

A

sensory

motor

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32
Q

CN VI category

A

motor

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33
Q

CN VII category

A

sensory

motor

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34
Q

CN VIII category

A

sensory

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35
Q

CN IX category

A

sensory

motor

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36
Q

CN X category

A

sensory

motor

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37
Q

CN XI category

A

motor

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38
Q

CN XII category

A

motor

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39
Q

CN I functions

A

smell

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40
Q

CN II functions

A

vision

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41
Q

CN III functions

A 
Motor to four muscles that move eye
Eye accommodation (focusing) and constriction
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42
Q

CN IV functions

A

Motor to superior oblique muscle (eye movement)

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43
Q

CN V functions

A

General sensation from face (V1: superior face;
V2: middle face; V3: inferior face)
Motor to muscles of mastication (via V3)

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44
Q

CN VI functions

A

Motor to lateral rectus muscle (eye movement)

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45
Q

CN VII functions

A

Motor to muscles of facial expression;
Taste from palate and anterior 2/3 of tongue
Stimulate lacrimal glands (tears) and 2/3 of salivary glands

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46
Q

CN VIII functions

A

hearing

balance

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47
Q

CN IX functions

A

Motor to stylopharyngeus muscle (a muscle in the
pharynx)
Taste from posterior tongue and vallate papillae.
Poorly localized general sensation (pain, temperature,
touch and pressure) from the posterior part of the tongue
& pharynx
Stimulate 1/3 of salivary glands

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48
Q

CN X functions

A

Poorly localized general sensation (pain, temperature,
touch, and pressure) in the lining of the larynx and upper
esophagus.
Motor innervation to striated muscles of the palate,
larynx, pharynx, and upper esophagus

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49
Q

CN XI functions

A

Motor to trapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscles

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50
Q

CN XII functions

A

Motor to muscles of tongue

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51
Q

kissing muscles

A

obicularis oris
buccinator
mentalis

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52
Q

what 7 bones form the cranium/calvaria?

A 
frontal 
2 parietal 
occipital 
2 temporal 
sphenoid
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53
Q

what 8 bones form the facial skeleton

A 
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Nasal
Inferior nasal concha
Vomer
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Palatine
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54
Q

what forms the lateral walls of the skull?

A

2 temporal bones

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55
Q

what separates the left and right nasal cavity?

A

vomer

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56
Q

what bone contributes to the nasal, orbit, and and oral cavities?

A

palatine

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57
Q

sutures

A

fibrous joints of the skull that don’t allow movement

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58
Q

4 main sutures of the skull

A

Sagittal suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture
Squamous suture

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59
Q

lambda

A

where lambdoid and sagittal sutures meet

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60
Q

bregma

A

anatomical point on the skull at which the coronal suture is intersected perpendicularly by the sagittal suture

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61
Q

what passageways of the skull are seen on anterior view

A 
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
Supraorbital foramen
Infraorbital foramen
Mental foramen
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62
Q

what passageways of the skull are seen on inferior view

A 
foramen magnum
jugular foramen 
carotid canal
foramen ovale
foramen rotundum 
foramen spinosum
foramen lacerum
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63
Q

what runs through the foramen magnum?

A

spinal cord

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64
Q

what runs through the jugular foramen?

A

sigmoid sinus

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65
Q

where is the jugular foramen?

A

between occipital and temporal bones

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66
Q

where is the foramen ovale?

A

in the sphenoid bone

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67
Q

where is the foramen rotundum?

A

in the sphenoid bone

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68
Q

what runs through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V

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69
Q

where is the foramen spinosum?

A

sphenoid bone

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70
Q

what passageways of the skull are seen on lateral view

A

external acoustic meatus

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71
Q

what is in the internal region of the head?

A

brain, cranial meninges, inner table of skull

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72
Q

how does the brain receive blood?

A

2 paired systems: carotid and subclavian which communicate through the circle of willis

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73
Q

what structures are located at the carotid bifurcation?

A

carotid body

carotid sinus

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74
Q

carotid body

A

chemoR sensitive to O2, CO2, temp

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75
Q

carotid sinus

A

baroR sensitive to BP changes

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76
Q

what innervates the carotid body and sinus?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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77
Q

carotid sheath

A

Fascial sheath through which the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve pass vertically through the neck

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78
Q

branches of the external carotid artery

A 
superior thyroid 
ascending pharyngeal
lingual 
facial 
occipital 
posterior auricular 
maxillary 
superficial temporal
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79
Q

where does the transverse facial artery come from?

A

superficial temporal from external carotid

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80
Q

how does the maxillary artery travel?

A

medially across the infratemporal fossa

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81
Q

where is the occipital artery?

A

back of head

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82
Q

where is the lingual artery?

A

tongue

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83
Q

what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

A

sides of pharynx

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84
Q

how does the internal carotid artery travel?

A

superiorly within the carotid sheath to the base of the skull and passes through a canal in the bond to emerge into the middle cranial fossa

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85
Q

what do branches of the internal carotid artery supply?

A

eye, orbit, forehead and much of cerebrum

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86
Q

4 parts of internal carotid artery

A

cervical
petrous
cavernous
cerebral

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87
Q

what 2 branches form the termination of the internal carotid artery?

A

anterior cerebral

middle cerebral- larger

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88
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

medial aspects of the anterior cerebral hemispheres

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89
Q

what does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

temporal lobe, anterolateral frontal lobe, parietal lobe

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90
Q

where does the central artery of the retina travel?

A

optic nerve

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91
Q

what is the only artery that can be directly seen?

A

central artery of retina

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92
Q

what do the right and left vertebral arteries form?

A

basilar artery

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93
Q

what does the basilar artery divide into?

A

right and left posterior cerebral arteries

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94
Q

2 layers of dura mater

A

outer- periosteal

inner- meningeal

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95
Q

epidural space

A

btwn dura and bone

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96
Q

epidural hematoma

A

Artery between dura and skull breaks and bleeds into the epidural space
Periosteal dura is slowly pushed away from bone → characteristic lens shaped defect

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97
Q

subdural space

A

btwn dura and arachnoid

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98
Q

subdural hematoma

A

Low pressure venous bleeding from bridging veins
Dissects arachnoid away from dura
Brain shift away from bleed and ventricles may appear compressed

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99
Q

subarachnoid space

A

btwn arachnoid and pia

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100
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Extravasation of blood into space between pial and arachnoid membranes
Blood follows pia layer and appears diffusely through the brain
Caused by trauma or aneurysm

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101
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

endothelium-lined channels in the spaces where the layers of the dura diverge

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102
Q

what is the main venous structure in the neck?

A

internal jugular vein

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103
Q

how does the IJV originate?

A

as a continuation of the S-shaped sigmoid (dural) sinus

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104
Q

where does the IJV terminate?

A

superior to the sternoclavicular joint

Unites with subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

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105
Q

what overlies the IJV?

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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106
Q

face

A

anterior aspect of the head in between the eyebrow and chin, base of mandible from ear to ear

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107
Q

scalp

A

covers the superior, lateral and posterior of the calvaria

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108
Q

layers of scalp

A 
skin 
CT
aponeurosis
loose areolar tissue
periosteum
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109
Q

aponeurosis of scalp

A

Thin tendinous sheet connects the occipital and frontal bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle

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110
Q

loose areolar tissue of scalp function

A

Allows movement of scalp proper

Contains emissary veins

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111
Q

Occipitofrontalis muscle function

A

moves scalp, wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrow

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112
Q

Occipitofrontalis muscle innervation

A

CN VII

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113
Q

Occipitofrontalis muscle arterial supply

A

branches of internal carotid artery and external carotid artery

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114
Q

muscles in orbital facial group

A

orbicularis oculi

corrugator supercilii

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115
Q

Orbicularis oculi orbital region function

A

forcefully closes eyelid

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116
Q

Orbicularis oculi palpebral region function

A

gently closes eyelid

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117
Q

Orbicularis oculi innervation

A

CN VII

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118
Q

Corrugator supercilii function

A

move eyebrows medially and downward

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119
Q

Corrugator supercilii innervation

A

CN VII

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120
Q

muscles in nasal facial group

A

nasalis
procerus
depressor septi

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121
Q

transverse nasalis function

A

compresses nasal aperture

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122
Q

alar nasalis function

A

opens nostril

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123
Q

nasalis innervation

A

CN VII

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124
Q

procerus function

A

moves medial eyebrows downward

makes transverse wrinkles over the bridge of the nose

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125
Q

proceurs nerves

A

CN VII

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126
Q

depressor septi function

A

pulls nose inferiorly

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127
Q

depressor septi innervation

A

CN VII

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128
Q

what innervates the kissing muscles?

A

CN VII

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129
Q

orbicularis oris function

A

Closes lips

protrudes lips

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130
Q

buccinator function

A

Compresses cheeks

pressing cheeks against teeth

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131
Q

mentalis function

A

Raises and protrudes lower lip and wrinkles skin on chin

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132
Q

muscles of smiling

A

LLSAN
levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus major and minor
Levator anguli oris

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133
Q

LLSAN position

A

most medial

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134
Q

LLSAN function

A

lift upper lip

open nostrils

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135
Q

LLSAN innervation

A

CN VII

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136
Q

Levator labii superioris postition

A

lateral to LLSAN

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137
Q

Levator labii superioris function

A

lift upper lip

138
Q

Levator labii superioris innervation

A

CN VII

139
Q

what muscle causes bunny lines?

A

LLSAN

140
Q

Zygomaticus major and minor innervation

A

CN VII

141
Q

Zygomaticus major function

A

helps smile

raises corner of mouth

142
Q

Zygomaticus minor function

A

helps smile

143
Q

Levator anguli oris function

A

raises corner of mouth

144
Q

Levator anguli oris innervation

A

CN VII

145
Q

Depressor anguli oris function

A

depresses corners of mouth

146
Q

Depressor anguli oris innervation

A

CN VII

147
Q

Depressor labii inferioris function

A

depresses lower lip

148
Q

Depressor labii inferioris innervation

A

CN VII

149
Q

Risorius function

A

pulls the mouth backward and outward

150
Q

Risorius innervation

A

CN VII

151
Q

main arterial supply of the face

A

branches external carotid artery

152
Q

main branches of external carotid artery

A

facial
maxillary
superficial temporal

153
Q

what is the mandible attached to?

A

mandibular fossa

154
Q

what kind of joint is the TMJ?

A

synovial with articular disc

155
Q

ligaments of the TMJ

A

Temporomandibular ligament- Lateral and Capsular
Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament

156
Q

functions of the ligaments of the TMJ

A

Prevent dislocation
Connect mandible to cranium
Define the movement border of the mandible

157
Q

4 movements of the mandible

A

Protrusion
Retraction
Elevation
Depression

158
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

159
Q

temporalis function

A

Elevation of mandible

Protrudes mandible

160
Q

masseter function

A

Elevation of mandible

161
Q

medial pterygoid function

A

Elevation of mandible

162
Q

lateral pterygoid function

A

protrusion of mandible

163
Q

temporal fossa

A

fan shape at temple of the head

164
Q

superior border of temporal fossa

A

superior temporal line

165
Q

inferior border of temporal fossa

A

zygomatic arch

166
Q

anterior border of temporal fossa

A

frontal process of zygomatic bone

zygomatic process of the frontal bone

167
Q

floor border of temporal fossa

A

frontal
parietal
temporal
sphenoid

168
Q

contents of temporal fossa

A

Temporalis muscle
Branches of CNV
Branches of maxillary artery
Branches of superficial temporal artery

169
Q

infratemporal fossa

A

irregular shape, inferior to temporal fossa and medial to zygomatic arch

170
Q

superior border of infratemporal fossa

A

greater wing of sphenoid

171
Q

inferior border of infratemporal fossa

A

medial pterygoid

172
Q

anterior border of infratemporal fossa

A

posterior of maxilla

173
Q

posterior border of infratemporal fossa

A

mastoid and styloid process

174
Q

lateral border of infratemporal fossa

A

ramus of mandible

175
Q

contents of infratemporal fossa

A 
Inferior part of temporalis muscle
Sphenomandibular ligament
Lateral and medial pterygoid 
Maxillary artery and its branches 
Branches of CNV, CNVII, CNIX
Otic ganglion
176
Q

external-middle ear boundary

A

tympanic membrane

177
Q

middle-internal ear boundary

A

temporal bone

178
Q

what is the tympanic membrane attached to?

A

malleus

179
Q

role of Pharyngotympanic tube

A

equalizes pressure

180
Q

role of auditory ossicles

A

transmit vibrations

181
Q

3 auditory ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

182
Q

role of stapedius

A

Prevents excessive oscillation

183
Q

what composes the bony labyrinth

A

cochlea
vestibule
three semicircular canals

184
Q

where is perilymph

A

bony labyrinth

185
Q

where is endolymp

A

membranous labyrinth

186
Q

parts of organ of balance

A

Semicircular canals and ducts
Utricle
Saccule

187
Q

parts of organ of hearing

A

Cochlea

cochlear duct

188
Q

lacrimal caruncle

A

contains sebaceous and sweat glands

189
Q

lacrimal papilla

A

small swelling near eye

190
Q

lacrimal punctum

A

opening for lacrimal canal

191
Q

where is the orbital part of lacrimal gland

A

lacrimal fossa in the frontal bone

192
Q

where is the parpebral part of lacrimal gland

A

inferior to the levator palpebrae superioris

193
Q

tear pathway

A 
Lacrimal gland 
lacrimal punctum 
superior and inferior canaliculus 
lacrimal sac 
nasolacrimal duct 
inferior meatus
194
Q

7 bones that make up the orbit

A 
Frontal
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Lacrimal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Palatine
195
Q

what passes through the optic canal?

A

CNII

Ophthalmic artery

196
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN3, 4, 5, 6

Superior ophthalmic vein

197
Q

what passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

CN5

Inferior ophthalmic vein

198
Q

what passes through the ring made by the orbital muscles?

A

CN2, 3, 5, 6
Ophthalmic artery
Superior ophthalmic vein

199
Q

extraocular muscles

A 
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Superior oblique
inferior oblique
200
Q

superior oblique extraocular attachment

A

medial orbital wall, hooks around trochlea, attaches to the posterior lateral side of sclera

201
Q

inferior oblique extraocular attachment

A

medial side of inferior orbital wall and attaches to lateral side of the sclera

202
Q

superior oblique muscle innervtion

A

CN IV

203
Q

lateral rectus muscle innervation

A

CN VI

204
Q

superior rectus innervation

A

CNIII

205
Q

medial rectus innervation

A

CNIII

206
Q

inferior rectus innervation

A

CNIII

207
Q

inferior oblique muscle innervation

A

CNIII

208
Q

superior rectus movement

A

looks laterally and upwards

209
Q

inferior rectus movement

A

looks laterally and downwards

210
Q

lateral rectus movement

A

looks laterally

211
Q

medial rectus movement

A

looks medially

212
Q

inferior oblique movement

A

looks medially and upwards

213
Q

superior oblique movement

A

looks medially and downward

214
Q

arterial supply to eye

A

Internal carotid artery → ophthalmic artery → central retinal artery

215
Q

Central retinal artery occlusion

A

sudden painless loss of vision

216
Q

what innervates the ciliary muscles?

A

Parasympathetic → CN3

217
Q

ciliary muscle action

A

Constricts ciliary body by loosening zonular fibersLens becomes round

218
Q

Sphincter pupillae innervation

A

Parasympathetic → CN3

Short ciliary nerve

219
Q

Sphincter pupillae action

A

constricts pupil

220
Q

Dilator pupillae innervation

A

Sympathetic
CNV1
Long ciliary nerve

221
Q

Dilator pupillae action

A

dilates pupil

222
Q

oral vestibule

A

between teeth and lining of lips and cheeks

223
Q

lateral border of oral cavity proper

A

teeth and gums

224
Q

superior border of oral cavity proper

A

palates

225
Q

posterior border of oral cavity proper

A

oropharynx

226
Q

floor border of oral cavity proper

A

tongue

227
Q

palate

A

roof of oral cavity proper and floor of nasal cavity

228
Q

hard palate role

A

helps chew food

229
Q

what 2 bones form the hard palate?

A

Palatine process of maxilla

Palatine bone

230
Q

3 foramina of hard palate

A

incisive fossa
Greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine foramen

231
Q

what is in the incisive fossa?

A

nasopalatine nerve

232
Q

what is in the greater palatine foramen?

A

Greater palatine nerve

Greater palatine artery

233
Q

what is in the lesser palatine foramen?

A

Lesser palatine nerve

Lesser palatine artery

234
Q

role of soft palate

A

closes nasopharynx

235
Q

5 muscles of soft palate

A 
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Musculus uvulae
236
Q

Tensor veli palatini action

A

Tenses soft palate

opens pharyngotympanic tube when swallowing

237
Q

Tensor veli palatini innervation

A

CN V3

238
Q

Levator veli palatini action

A

Elevates soft palate when swallowing

239
Q

Levator veli palatini innervation

A

CN X

240
Q

Palatopharyngeus action

A

Elevates larynx and pharynx

241
Q

Palatopharyngeus innervation

A

CN X

242
Q

Palatoglossus action

A

Elevates ⅓ of the posterior tongue

243
Q

Palatoglossus innervation

A

CN X

244
Q

Musculus uvulae action

A

elevates uvula

245
Q

Musculus uvulae innervation

A

CN X

246
Q

where is the buccinator?

A

in the cheek

247
Q

buccinator action

A

Compresses cheeks and presses cheeks against teeth

248
Q

3 major salivary glands

A

submandibular
sublingual
parotid

249
Q

what passes through the parotid gland?

A

CNVII
external carotid artery
retromandibular vein

250
Q

Functions of tongue:

A

Swallowing
Speech
Mastication
Taste

251
Q

Sulcus terminalis

A

divides posterior and anterior tongue

252
Q

which papillae have taste buds?

A

circumvallate
foliate
fungiform

253
Q

which papillae have no taste buds?

A

filiform

254
Q

extrinisic tongue muscles

A

styloglossus
genioglossus
hypoglossus

255
Q

styloglossus action

A

Elevates and retracts tongue

256
Q

styloglossus innervation

A

CN XII

257
Q

genioglossus action

A

Depresses and protrudes tongue

258
Q

genioglossus innervation

A

CN XII

259
Q

hypoglossus action

A

Depresses and retracts the tongue

260
Q

hypoglossus innervation

A

CN XII

261
Q

intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertcal

262
Q

what innervates the intrinsic muscles of tongue?

A

CN XII

263
Q

superior longitudinal tongue muscle action

A

shortens and curls tongue

264
Q

inferior longitudinal tongue muscle action

A

Shortens and uncurls tongue

265
Q

transverse tongue muscle action

A

narrows tongue

266
Q

vertical tongue muscle action

A

flattens tongue

267
Q

arterial supply to tongue

A

External carotid artery → lingual artery → sublingual artery → deep lingual artery

268
Q

role of mylohyoid

A

supports floor of oral cavity

269
Q

action of geniohyoid when mandible is fixed

A

elvates hyoid

270
Q

action of geniohyoid when hyoid is fixed

A

depresses mandible

271
Q

what is immediately below the nasal cavity?

A

oral cavity

272
Q

what is immediately superior/lateral to the nasal cavity?

A

orbits

273
Q

lateral wall of nose

A

Characterized by 3 curved shelves of bone → concha

274
Q

nasal septum

A

Typically situated in the midline

Separates nasal cavities

275
Q

role of concha

A

increase SA
Minimize water loss
Warm air
Immune functions

276
Q

how many concha?

A

3
superior
middle
inferior

277
Q

where is the inferior nasal meatus?

A

Between inferior concha and nasal floor

278
Q

where is the middle nasal meatus?

A

Between inferior and middle concha

279
Q

where is the superior nasal meatus?

A

Between middle and superior concha

280
Q

where is the sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

Between superior concha and nasal roof

281
Q

4 paired nasal sinuses

A

frontal
maxillary
sphenoid
ethmoid

282
Q

where do frontal sinuses drain?

A

via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus

in middle meatus

283
Q

where do maxillary sinuses drain?

A

via maxillary ostium into semilunar hiatus

in middle meatus

284
Q

where do sphenoid sinuses drain?

A

into sphenoethmoidal recess

285
Q

where do anterior ethmoid air cells drain?

A

via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus

in middle meatus

286
Q

where do middle ethmoid air cells drain?

A

into middle meatus

these cells from the ethmoid bulla

287
Q

where do posterior ethmoid air cells drain?

A

into superior meatus

288
Q

what nerve supplies general sensation to the nasal cavity?

A

branches of V1 and V2

289
Q

boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

SCM
Inferior border of mandible
Midline of neck

290
Q

boundaries of the carotid triangle of the neck?

A

SCM
posterior belly digastric
superior belly omohyoid

291
Q

boundaries of the muscular triangle of the neck?

A

SCM
superior belly omohyoid
hyoid bone
midline of neck

292
Q

boundaries of the submandibular triangle of the neck?

A

anterior belly digastric

mandible

293
Q

boundaries of the submental triangle of the neck?

A

right and left anterior bellies of digastric

hyoid bone

294
Q

boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

SCM
Trapezius
Clavicle

295
Q

what can the posterior triangle be divided into?

A

occipital triangle

omoclavicular/subclavian triangle

296
Q

Occipital triangle boundaries

A

SCM
trapezius
inferior belly of omohyoid

297
Q

Occipital triangle contents

A

trunks of brachial plexus
CN XI
cervical lymph nodes

298
Q

omoclavicular/subclavian triangle boundaries

A

SCM
clavicle
inferior belly omohyoid

299
Q

omoclavicular/subclavian triangle contents

A

subclavian artery and vein

supraclavicular lymph nodes

300
Q

4 suprahyoid muscles

A

stylohyoid
digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

301
Q

4 infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

302
Q

function of suprahyoid muscles

A

hold hyoid up

303
Q

function of infrahyoid muscles

A

anchor hyoid down

304
Q

contents of the carotid triangle that can be palpated

A

carotid sheath

palpate carotid pulse btwn anterior border of SCM and larynx

305
Q

contents of the muscular triangle that can be palpated

A

thyroid gland

306
Q

contents of the submandibular triangle that can be palpated

A

submandibular gland

lymph nodes

307
Q

contents of the submental triangle that can be palpated

A

lymph nodes

308
Q

GI elements in the anterior triangle

A

esophagus

pharynx

309
Q

respiratory elements in the anterior triangle

A

trachea
pharynx
larynx

310
Q

endocrine elements in the anterior triangle

A

thyroid

parathyroid

311
Q

Pharynx

A

common passageway for food/liquid and air

312
Q

soft palate

A

mobile muscular layer in the roof of the oral cavity that attaches anteriorly to the hard palate

313
Q

role of soft palate

A

Raised and lowered to seal off different regions of the pharynx to direct the flow of ingesta or protect the oral/nasal cavities from regurgitation

314
Q

what innervates the soft palate

A

CN X

315
Q

constrictor muscles of pharynx

A

superior
middle
inferior

316
Q

longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus

317
Q

longitudinal muscles of the pharynx role

A

Shorten the pharynx

elevate the larynx during swallowing and vocalization

318
Q

tonsils

A

collections of MALT embedded in the mucosa of the pharynx

319
Q

3 primary tonsils

A

Pharyngeal
palatine
lingual

320
Q

motor innervation to muscles of the pharynx

A

CN X

except stylopharyngeus

321
Q

stylopharyngeus motor innervation

A

CN IX

322
Q

nasopharynx sensation innervation

A

V2

conscious

323
Q

oropharynx sensation innervation

A

CN IX

conscious

324
Q

laryngopharynx sensation innervation

A

CN X

unconscious

325
Q

how to check if CN X is damaged

A

If there is damage to CN X the uvula deviates away from the injured side

326
Q

2 crucial functions of swallowing

A

Propelling food bolus through pharynx and UES to esophagus

Airway protection

327
Q

3 functions of larynx

A

Acts as a valve to protect the airway from food and liquid passing through the pharynx during swallowing
Modifies air for production of sound during vocalization
Acts as a valve to close the airway

328
Q

skeleton of larynx

A

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
arytenoid cartilages
epiglottic cartilages

329
Q

joints of larynx

A

Cricothyroid joint

Cricoarytenoid joints

330
Q

what innervates the muscles of the larynx?

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

except cricothyroid

331
Q

what innervates the cricothyroid?

A

external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

332
Q

cricothyroid function

A

only muscle that tenses vocal fold

higher voice

333
Q

Thyroarytenoid function

A

shorten/relax vocal folds

Lower voice

334
Q

vocalis function

A

modify tension of folds

335
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid function

A

abduct/open vocal folds

336
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid

function

A

adduct/close vocal folds

337
Q

Transverse and oblique arytenoid function

A

adduct/close vocal folds

338
Q

sensory innervation to larynx above vocal folds

A

internal laryngeal nerve

339
Q

sensory innervation to larynx below vocal folds

A

inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve

340
Q

vasculature supply to larynx

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

MAMS (8 decks)

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