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MAMS > HBS EXAM 1 > Flashcards

HBS EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pleural recesses

A

opposing surfaces of parietal pleura; potential space

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2
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

btwn costal and diaphragm pleura

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3
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3- superior, middle, inferior

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4
Q

fissures of the right lobe

A

oblique

horizontal

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5
Q

what does the oblique fissure of the right lung separate?

A

inferior and middle lobes

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6
Q

what does the horizontal fissure of the right lung separate?

A

superior and middle lobes

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7
Q

relationship of the pulmonary artery to the main bronchus in the right lung

A

anterior

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8
Q

lobes of the left lung

A

2- superior, inferior

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9
Q

relationship of the pulmonary artery to the main bronchus in the left lung

A

superior

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10
Q

3 main structures in the lung hilum

A

pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
main bronchus

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11
Q

borders of the mediastinum

A

superior thoracic aperture
diaphragm
sternum
vertebral bodies

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12
Q

structures in the superior mediastinum

A 
thymus
brachiocephalic veins
SVC
aortic arch 
trachea
esophagus
phrenic nerves
vagus nerves
thoracic duct
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13
Q

where does the phrenic nerve travel?

A

superior and middle mediastinum
within the fibrous pericardium
thru diaphragm

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14
Q

where does the vagus nerve travel?

A

superior and posterior mediastinum

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15
Q

functions of vagus nerve

A

parasympathetic innervation to viscera

relay visceral info to CNS

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16
Q

what is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve responsible for?

A

innervates muscles of the larynx- vocalization

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17
Q

how does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve travel?

A

inferiorly to the aortic arch

posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum

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18
Q

what does the middle mediastinum contain?

A

pericardium
heart
origins of great vessels
various nerves, vessels

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19
Q

what does the posterior mediastinum contain?

A 
esophagus
thoracic aorta
azygos veins
thoracic veins
thoracic duct
sympathetic trunk 
thoracic splanchnic nerves
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20
Q

what does the azygos vein drain?

A

blood from body wall into SVC

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21
Q

what does the hemiazygos vein drain?

A

blood from lower body wall into azygos vein

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22
Q

what does the accessory azygos vein drain?

A

blood from upper body wall into azygos vein

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23
Q

role of thoracic duct

A

drains lymph from most of body into junction btwn left subclavian and left jugular veins

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24
Q

what do the upper ganglia of the sympathetic trunk innervate?

A

sympathetic innervation to thoracic vertebra

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25
Q

what do the lower ganglia of the sympathetic trunk innervate?

A

splanchnic nerves supply the ab and pelvic viscera

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26
Q

what is the first branch of the ascending aorta?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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27
Q

what is the second branch of the ascending aorta?

A

left common carotid artery

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28
Q

what is the third branch of the ascending aorta?

A

left subclavian artery

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29
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

tough CT that creates the boundaries of the middle mediastinum

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30
Q

parietal serous pericardium

A

lines inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

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31
Q

visceral serous pericardium

A

adheres to the heart

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32
Q

landmarks of the right atrium

A

auricle
pectinate muscles
crista terminalis

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33
Q

pectinate muscles

A

ridges that fan out from the crista terminalis in the heart muscle

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34
Q

crista terminalis

A

smooth muscular ridges that begin on the roof of the RA in front of the opening of the SVC and extends down the wall to the lip of the IVC

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35
Q

where is the tricuspid valve?

A

btwn RA and RV

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36
Q

landmarks of the right ventricle

A

trabeculae carnae
3 papillary muscles
chordae tendinae

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37
Q

trabeculae carnae

A

irregular muscular structures in the heart

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38
Q

chordae tendinae

A

tough, tendinous strings attached to the AV valve

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39
Q

key features of the pulmonary valve

A

semilunar cusps

pulmonary sinuses

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40
Q

pulmonary sinus function

A

recoil of blood fills these and forces the cusps of the pulmonary valve closed; prevents the refilling of the RV

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41
Q

key features of the left atrium

A

auricle

smooth walls

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42
Q

where is the mitral valve?

A

btwn LA and LV

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43
Q

key features of the LV

A

trabeculae carnae
2 papillary muscles
chordae tendinae

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44
Q

key features of the aortic valve

A

semilunar cusps
aortic sinuses
openings for coronary arteries

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45
Q

semilunar cusps

A

free edges of the aortic valve that project upward into the lumen of the ascending aorta

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46
Q

aortic sinuses

A

blood fills these and is then forced into coronary arteries

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47
Q

what does the right coronary artery and its major branches supply?

A 
anterior RA
lower LA
RV
some of LV and septum
conducting system
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48
Q

major branches of the right coronary artery

A

sinu-atrial nodal
right marginal
posterior interventricular

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49
Q

what does the left coronary artery and its major branches supply?

A

posterior LA
LV
some of RV and septum

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50
Q

major branches of the left coronary artery

A

anterior interventricular

circumflex

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51
Q

what is the main venous structure of the heart?

A

coronary sinus

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52
Q

what are the major tributaries of the coronary sinus?

A

great, middle, and small cardiac veins

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53
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the heart?

A

fibers from left and right vagus nerve enter the cardiac plexus

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54
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of the heart?

A

fibers from the thoracic spinal cord go thru the sympathetic trunk into the cardiac plexus

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55
Q

mesentery

A

peritoneal folds that connect the viscera to the abdominal wall

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56
Q

mesentery proper associated with ____

A

small intestine

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57
Q

transverse mesocolon associated with ___

A

transverse colon

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58
Q

sigmoid mesocolon associated with ____

A

sigmoid colon

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59
Q

what separates the greater and lesser sacs?

A

omental foramen

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60
Q

omenta

A

2 layers of peritoneum

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61
Q

greater omentum

A

apron like structure suspended from the stomach and the duodenum

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62
Q

what is the greater omentum derived from?

A

dorsal mesentery

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63
Q

what is the lesser omentum derived from?

A

ventral mesentery

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64
Q

where is the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

in the lesser omentum

passes btwn duodenum and liver

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65
Q

what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

A

portal vein and other structures

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66
Q

peritoneum

A

layer of fascia that stretches around the inside of the ab wall

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67
Q

intraperitoneal

A

suspended within the peritoneal cavity

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68
Q

retroperitoneal

A

outside the peritoneal cavity

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69
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal

A

pushed against body wall, appears to be retroperitoneal

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70
Q

what is the blood supply of the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

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71
Q

what is the blood supply of the lesser curvature of the stomach ?

A

left gastric artery (from celiac trunk)

right gastric artery (from proper hepatic artery)

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72
Q

what is the blood supply of the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

right gatro-omental artery (from gastroduodenal artery)

left gastro-omental artery (from splenic artery)

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73
Q

what is the blood supply of the body of the stomach?

A

posterior gastric artery (from splenic artery)

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74
Q

what is part of the foregut?

A

abdominal esophagus
stomach
prox duodenum

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75
Q

what is the blood supply of the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery

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76
Q

what is the blood supply of the distal duodenum?

A 
gastroduodenal artery (from celiac trunk)
pancreaticoduodenal artery (from SMA)
other branches of SMA
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77
Q

what is the blood supply of the jejunum?

A

intestinal branches of the SMA

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78
Q

what is the blood supply of the ileum?

A

intestinal branches of the SMA

ileal branches of the ileocolic artery (from SMA)

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79
Q

what is the blood supply of the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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80
Q

what is the blood supply of the cecum?

A

ileocolic artery

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81
Q

what is the blood supply of the ascending colon?

A

right colic and ileocolic arteries

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82
Q

what is the blood supply of the transverse colon?

A

right and middle colic arteries

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83
Q

what ensures consistent blood flow to the colon?

A

SMA and IMA anastomosis

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84
Q

what is the blood supply of the rectum and superior 2/3 of the anal canal?

A

superior rectal artery from the IMA
middle rectal artery from the internal iliac artery
inferior rectal artery from the internal pudendal artery

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85
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
pyloric region

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86
Q

4 parts of the duodenum

A

superior
descending
inferior
ascending

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87
Q

features of jejunum

A

thicker wall
plicae circulares
long vasa recta

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88
Q

features of ileum

A

thinner walls
prominent arterial arcades
short vasa recta

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89
Q

epiploic/omental appendages

A

appendages of fat that hang from the body of the intestine

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90
Q

teniae coli

A

3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscles that contract to form haustra in colon

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91
Q

liver location

A

right hypochondrium and epigastric region

RUQ & LUQ

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92
Q

liver function

A

process nutrients
detox
storage

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93
Q

liver arterial supply

A

common hepatic artery

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94
Q

gallbladder location

A

on the visceral surface of the liver btwn right and quadrate lobes

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95
Q

gallbladder function

A

stores & conc bile

transfers bile from liver to duodenum

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96
Q

arterial supply of gallbladder

A

cystic artery from the right hepatic artery

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97
Q

pancreas location

A

posterior to stomach

head is nested in crook of stomach

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98
Q

pancreas function

A

pancreatic NZ enter duodenum

insulin and glucagon enter blood

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99
Q

arterial supply of the pancreas

A

extensive branches of the celiac artery and SMA

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100
Q

spleen location

A

LUQ

left hypochondrium

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101
Q

arterial supply of the spleen

A

splenic artery from the ab aorta

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102
Q

4 lobes of the liver

A

right
left
caudate
quadrate

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103
Q

falciform ligament

A

separates right and left lobes

attaches liver to ab wall

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104
Q

3 major structures of the portal triad

A

portal vein
proper hepatic artery
common bile duct

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105
Q

what houses the portal triad?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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106
Q

10 branches of the ab aorta

A 
inferior phrenic arteries
celiac trunk
SMA
middle suprarenal arteries
renal arteries
testicular/ovarian arteries
lumbar arteries
IMA
median sacral artery
common iliac artery
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107
Q

what do the inferior phrenic arteries supply?

A

suprarenal glands

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108
Q

what does the celiac trunk supply?

A

foregut

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109
Q

what does the SMA supply?

A

midgut

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110
Q

what do the middle suprarenal arteries supply?

A

suprarenal glands

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111
Q

what do the renal arteries supply?

A

kidneys

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112
Q

what do the lumbar arteries supply?

A

spinal cord

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113
Q

what does the IMA supply?

A

hindgut

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114
Q

what drains the foregut?

A

splenic vein

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115
Q

what drains the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric vein

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116
Q

what does the inferior mesenteric vein drain into?

A

splenic vein

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117
Q

what drains the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric vein

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118
Q

portal vein

A

final common pathway for the transport of venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, GI tract

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119
Q

4 muscles of the posterior ab wall

A

transversus abdominis
quadratus laborum
psoas major
iliacus

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120
Q

motor function of iliohypogastric nerve

A

internal oblique

transversus abdominis

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121
Q

motor function of ilioinguinal

A

interal oblique

transversus abdominis

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122
Q

motor function of genitofemoral

A

cremasteric muscle

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123
Q

motor function of obturator

A

medial compartment of thigh muscles

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124
Q

motor function of femoral nerve

A

iliacus

anterior compartment of thigh muscles

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125
Q

kidney location

A

retroperitoneal in posterior ab region

lie in extraperitoneal CT

126
Q

path of urine as it drains from kidney –> ureters

A 
cortex
medulla- renal pyramids, renal papillae
minor calyces
major calcyes
renal pelvis
hilum- ureter
127
Q

role of cortex of adrenal glands

A

secretes corticosteriods and androgens

128
Q

role of medulla of adrenal glands

A

secretes NE and epi

129
Q

blood supply to the adrenal glands

A

superior suprarenal arteries (inferior phrenic)
middle suprarenal artery (aorta)
inferior suprarenal artery (renal artery)

130
Q

blood supply to the kidney

A

renal arteries from the aorta

131
Q

blood supply to the ureters

A

renal arteries

132
Q

venous drainage of kidneys

A

renal veins and tributaries to IVC

133
Q

left gonadal vein drains into the ___

A

left renal vein

134
Q

the right vein drains directly into the ____

A

IVC

135
Q

condyle

A

rounded elevation

136
Q

crest

A

sharp edge

137
Q

foramen

A

hole

138
Q

fossa

A

wide depression

139
Q

groove

A

narrow indentation

140
Q

notch

A

large groove

141
Q

process

A

localized projection

142
Q

line

A

low, narrow ridge

143
Q

spine

A

elongated projection

144
Q

tubercle

A

small, rounded elevation

145
Q

tuberosity

A

large, rounded elevation

146
Q

anatomical position

A

standing upright, feet flat on floor, arms at sides, palms, face and eyes forward

147
Q

transverse/horizontal/axial section

A

divides body into superior and inferior sections

148
Q

coronal/frontal section

A

divides body into anterior and posterior sections

149
Q

sagittal section

A

divides body into left and right sections

150
Q

synovial joint

A

an articular cavity separates skeletal elements, bones are covered by hyaline cartilage and are enclosed in a joint capsule

151
Q

solid joint

A

skeletal components are held together by CT

152
Q

sutures

A

fibrous solid joint; linked by sutural ligament; find in skull

153
Q

gomphosis

A

fibrous solid joint; linked by periodontal ligament; find in teeth

154
Q

syndesmosis

A

fibrous solid joint; linked by a ligament; find in the forearm

155
Q

synchondrosis

A

cartilaginous solid joint; ossification centers separated by cartilage

156
Q

symphysis

A

cartilaginous solid joint; separate bones linked by cartilage; find in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

157
Q

where is the breast located?

A

subcutaneous tissue of thoracic wall

158
Q

where is the nipple located?

A

dermatome T4

159
Q

nipple function

A

circular smooth muscle fibers that compress the lactiferous duct during lactation

160
Q

areola

A

circular pigmented area of skin around nipple; contains numerous sebaceous glands which secrete an oily substance during pregnancy and nursing

161
Q

suspensory/Cooper’s ligaments

A

firmly attach the mammary gland to the dermis of the skin and the underlying deep fascia of the pectoralis muscle

162
Q

boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture

A

body of vertebra T1
superior margins of first ribs
superior sternum

163
Q

boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

body of vertebra T12
inferior margins of inferior-most ribs
inferior sternum

164
Q

anterior end of rib is continuous with ______

A

costal cartilage

165
Q

posterior end of rib articulates with ______

A

vertebral column

166
Q

head of rib

A

2 articular surfaces separated by a crest

167
Q

smaller superior surface of head of rib articulates with _____

A

inferior costal facet on the body of the vertebra above

168
Q

larger inferior facet of head of rib articulates with _____

A

superior costal facet of its own vertebra

169
Q

neck of rib

A

short, flat region of bone that separates the head from the tubercle

170
Q

tubercle of rib

A

projects posteriorly from the junction of the neck with the shaft and has 2 regions, articular and nonarticular regions

171
Q

3 elements of the sternum

A

the sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process

172
Q

how many true ribs?

A

7

173
Q

how many false ribs?

A

5

174
Q

how many thoracic ribs?

A

12

175
Q

where are intercostal nerve bundles?

A

between internal and innermost layer of muscles of intercostal space

176
Q

what level is the umbilicus at?

A

T10

177
Q

what is the diaphragm peripherally attached to?

A 
xiphoid process
costal margin of the thoracic wall
end of ribs 11 and 12
ligaments that span across the structures o the posterior ab wall
vertebrae of the lumbar wall
178
Q

what level is the hiatus of the inferior vena cava?

A

T8

179
Q

what level is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

180
Q

what level is the aortic hiatuses?

A

T12

181
Q

what nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

182
Q

what happens during quiet breathing inspiration?

A

diaphragm contraction lowers the the diaphragm to increase vol

183
Q

what happens during quiet breathing expiration?

A

passive recoil of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles decreases vol and increases P

184
Q

what happens during forced inspiration?

A

diaphragm, external intercostal muscles raise the lower ribs, scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles raise the upper ribs

185
Q

what happens during forced expiration?

A

recoil of diaphragm aided by abdominal muscles, increases P and pushes up diaphragm

186
Q

whats in the RUQ?

A

liver

gallbladder

187
Q

whats in the LUQ?

A

stomach

spleen

188
Q

whats in the RLQ?

A

cecum

appendix

189
Q

whats in the LLQ?

A

colon

190
Q

organ pain patterns associated with epigastric region

A

referred pain from foregut

191
Q

organ pain patterns associated with umbilical region

A

referred pain from midgut

192
Q

organ pain patterns associated with pubic region

A

referred pain from hindgut

193
Q

Camper fascia

A

superficial layer of subcutaneous tissue in the body wall

194
Q

Scarpa fascia

A

deep membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue in the body wall

195
Q

superficial muscle of the abdomen

A

external oblique

196
Q

intermediate muscle of the abdomen

A

internal oblique

197
Q

deep muscle of the abdomen

A

transversus abdominis overlying trasversalis fascia

198
Q

linea alba

A

point where fibers cross in the midline of the thorax; no nerves or blood vessels cross

199
Q

rectus abdominis

A

primary vertical muscle of the anterior abdominal wall

200
Q

where is the rectus abdominis attached?

A

inner surface of the rectus sheath by tendinous inscriptions

201
Q

role of rectus abdominis

A

flexes and stabilizes trunk
maintain and increase intra ab P
contributes to postural support
aids in resp

202
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer of ab cavity, not part of ab wall

203
Q

inguinal ligament

A

thick, under turned inferior margin of the external oblique aponeurosis

204
Q

role of inguinal ligament

A

forms retinaculum of hip joint (holds structures that pass from trunk to lower limb against the body during hip flexion)

205
Q

inguinal canal

A

when testis descends, layers of ab cavity are stretched as wrappings of cord and testis

206
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

exit of inguinal canal

207
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

entrance to inguinal canal

208
Q

inguinal (Hasselbach’s) triangle

A

small area of potential weakness in ab wall that leaves it vulnerable to hernias

209
Q

what are the borders of the inguinal triangle?

A

rectus abdominis
inguinal ligament
inferior epigastric vessels

210
Q

indirect hernia

A

caused by path of descent of testis failing to fully close so loops of intestine herniate through the inguinal canal

211
Q

direct hernia

A

increased intra-ab P forces intestine and peritoneal covering through weak inguinal triangle

212
Q

carina

A

area of bifurcation of the trachea

213
Q

fossa ovalis

A

shunt between L and R atria

214
Q

ligamentum arteriosum

A

shunt between aorta and pulmonary arteries

215
Q

what is the arterial supply of the testes?

A

testicular artery from the aorta

216
Q

what is the arterial supply of the ovaries?

A

ovarian artery from the aorta

217
Q

what is the arterial supply of the uterus?

A

uterine artery from the Internal iliac

218
Q

what is the arterial supply of the vagina?

A

branches of the internal iliac artery

branches of the uterine, vaginal, internal pudendal arteries

219
Q

perineum

A

contains and supports the external genitalia and external openings of the genitourinary and GI systems

220
Q

pelvic girdle

A

formed by 2 innominate bones and the sacrum

221
Q

ilium

A

most superior part of the pelvic bone

222
Q

landmarks of the ilium

A

iliac crest
iliac fossa
4 spines
auricular surface

223
Q

iliac crest

A

site of attachment for muscles and fascia of the abdomen, back, and lower limb

224
Q

4 spines of the ilium

A

anterior superior
posterior superior
anterior inferior
posterior inferior

225
Q

auricular surface

A

ear shaped surface of the ilium with an articulation for the sacrum

226
Q

ischum

A

the posterior and inferior part of the pelvic bone

227
Q

landmarks of the ischim

A

ischial spine
sciatic notches
ischial tuberosity

228
Q

role of ischial spine

A

separates into the greater and lesser sciatic notches

229
Q

roles of ischial tuberosity

A

site of attachment of lower limb muscles

supports body when sitting

230
Q

pubis

A

anterior and inferior part of the pelvic bone

231
Q

landmarks of the pubis

A

superior and inferior rami
symphyseal face
tubercle

232
Q

symphyseal face

A

where 2 halves of the pelvis come together

233
Q

linea terminalis

A

marks the pelvic inlet

234
Q

perineal membrane

A

fascial layer attached to the pubic arch

235
Q

role of perineal membrane

A

attachment point for genitalia and associated muscles

divides pelvis proper and perineum

236
Q

joints of the pelvis

A

lumbosacral
sacroiliac
pubic symphysis

237
Q

lumbosacral joint

A

formed between vertebra LV and sacrum

238
Q

role of sacroiliac joints

A

transmits force from the lower limbs to the vertebral column

239
Q

3 ligaments of the sacroiliac joints

A

anterior, interosseus, and posterior sacroiliac

240
Q

2 ligaments of of the pubic symphysis

A

superior and inferior pubic ligaments

241
Q

sacrospinous ligament attachments

A

sacrum and ischial spine

242
Q

sacrotuberous ligament attachments

A

sacrum and ischial tuberosity

243
Q

muscles of the pelvic wall

A

piriformis

obturator internus

244
Q

piriformis function

A

hip lateral rotation and abduction

245
Q

obrturator internus function

A

lateral hip rotation

246
Q

muscles of the pelvic floor

A

levator ani

coccygeus

247
Q

levator ani function

A

supports pelvic viscera

248
Q

puborectalis function

A

sling around rectum

249
Q

coccygeus function

A

supports pelvic viscera

250
Q

what is the major route of communication between the pelvic cavity and lower limb?

A

greater sciatic foramen

251
Q

what creates the greater sciatic foramen?

A

sacrospinous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
greater sciatic notch

252
Q

what creates the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

sacrospinous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
lesser sciatic notch
ischial spine

253
Q

role of lesser sciatic foramen

A

transmits the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal nerves into the pelvis

254
Q

role of obturator canal

A

transmits the obturator nerve and vessels to the lower limb

255
Q

pathway of sperm

A 
seminiferous tubules
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory ducts
urethra
penis
256
Q

where are the seminiferous tubules?

A

testes

257
Q

epididymis

A

single, long coiled duct that courses along the posterolateral side of the testes

258
Q

vas (ductus) deferens

A

long muscular duct that transports sperm from the tail of the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

259
Q

where is the epididymis?

A

scrotum

260
Q

where are the ejaculatory ducts?

A

pelvic cavity

261
Q

the ____ join the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vesicles

262
Q

what do the seminal vesicles produce?

A

alkaline fluid for energy and anticoagulation

263
Q

where are the seminal vesicles?

A

posterior to the inferior bladder and prostate

264
Q

what does the prostate produce

A

prostatic fluid which activates sperm

265
Q

where is the prostate?

A

inferior to the bladder, surrounds prostatic urethra

266
Q

the ____ ducts open into the spongy urethra

A

bulbourethral gland

267
Q

what do the bulbourethral glands produce?

A

mucus like secretion for lubrication and irrigation

268
Q

where are the bulbourethral gland ducts?

A

either side of the penile urethra within the perineal membrane

269
Q

where are the ovaries?

A

on the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity, inferior to the pelvic inlet

270
Q

where is the uterus?

A

midline, between bladder and rectum

271
Q

what forms the sacral and coccygeal plexuses?

A

L4-5
S1-5
coccygeal nerve

272
Q

functions of the sacral and coccygeal plexuses

A

motor to lower limb, muscles of the pelvis and perineum

sensory to perineum, lower limb

273
Q

what is the pudendal nerve derived from?

A

S2,3,4

274
Q

major branches of the pudendal nerve

A

inferior rectal
perineal
dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

275
Q

what does the inferior rectal nerve innervate

A

external anal sphincter

sensory to the anal triangle

276
Q

what does the perineal nerve innervate

A

motor innervation to the perineal muscles

277
Q

what does the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris innervate?

A

sensory to glans

278
Q

role of pelvic splanchnic nerve parasympathetic innervation

A

stimulate erection
modulate mobility in the distal GI
relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter

279
Q

role of the pelvic sympathetic trunk

A

contraction of smooth muscle in the internal urethral sphincter and internal anal sphincter and reproductive tract (ejaculation)

280
Q

what does the external iliac artery supply?

A

anterior body wall

281
Q

what does the external iliac artery continue as in the lower limb?

A

femoral artery

282
Q

what are the branches of the external iliac arteries in the anterior body wall?

A

deep circumflex

inferior epigastric

283
Q

what does the internal iliac artery supply?

A 
lower posterior ab wall
posterior pelvic wall
gluteal region
pelvic viscera
perineum
adductor region of thigh
284
Q

what artery supplies the bladder in males?

A

superior and inferior vesicular arteries

285
Q

what artery supplies the rectum?

A

middle and inferior rectal arteries

286
Q

what artery supplies the prostate and ductus deferens in males?

A

inferior vesicular arteries

287
Q

what artery supplies the perineum?

A

internal pudendal artery

288
Q

what artery supplies the bladder in females?

A

superior vesicular

vaginal

289
Q

what artery supplies the uterus in females?

A

uterine arteries

290
Q

what artery supplies the superior vagina in females?

A

uterine artery

291
Q

what artery supplies the inferior vagina in females?

A

internal pudendal artery

292
Q

what are the corners of the perineum?

A

pubic symphysis
coccyx
ischial tuberosities

293
Q

what are the borders of the perineum?

A

ischiopubic rami

sacrotuberous ligaments

294
Q

what is the ceiling of the perineum?

A

pelvic diaphragm- levator ani, coccygeus

295
Q

margins of anal triangle

A

lateral- sacrotuberous ligaments
anterior- horizontal line between ischial tuberosities
posterior- coccyx
ceiling- pelvic diaphragm

296
Q

contents urogenital triangle in males

A

scrotum

penis

297
Q

contents urogenital triangle in females

A

urethra

vulva

298
Q

role of ischiocavernous muscle

A

moves blood from the crura into the body of the erect penis/clitoris

299
Q

role of bulbospongiosus muscle

A

moves blood from the attached parts of the penis/clitoris to the glans

300
Q

role of the superficial transverse perineal muscle

A

stabilizes the perineal body

301
Q

what innervates the ischiocavernous muscle?

A

pudendal nerve

302
Q

what innervates the bulbospongiosus muscle?

A

pudendal nerve

303
Q

what innervates the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

pudendal nerve

304
Q

male equivalent of clitoris

A

glans penis

305
Q

male equivalent of labia minora

A

inferior raphe of penis

306
Q

male equivalent of the labia majora

A

scrotum

307
Q

corpora cavernosa

A

cylindrically shaped on either side of the urogenital triangle, anchored by proximal ends to the pubic arch

308
Q

bulb

A

surrounds openings of urogenital system

309
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

large erectile mass that’s equivalent to the bulb in women

310
Q

3 erectile tissues

A

corpora cavernosa
bulb
corpus spongiosum

311
Q

3 major terminal branches of the pudendal nerve

A

inferior rectal
perineal
dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

312
Q

course of the pudendal nerve

A

travels along lateral wall of ischio-anal fossa in the pudendal canal

MAMS (8 decks)

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