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Surgical Tech > HBHI - Chapter 14 - Glands & Hormones > Flashcards

HBHI - Chapter 14 - Glands & Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

3 glands in the brain?

A

hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary

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2
Q

2 glands in neck?

A

thyroid & parathyroid

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3
Q

gland in upper chest?

A

thymus

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4
Q

gland above kidney?

A

adrenal

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5
Q

gland near stomach that is also an organ?

A

pancreas

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6
Q

reproductive glands?

A

gonads

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7
Q

which glands are considered to be the bosses of the endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus & pituitary

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8
Q

which pituitary gland (anterior/posterior) can secrete their own hormones?

A

anterior pituitary gland

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9
Q

which pituitary gland (anterior/posterior) cannot secrete their own hormones?

A

posterior pituitary gland

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10
Q

what hormones do the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

oxytocin & antidiuretic (ADH)

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11
Q

what hormones do the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

growth (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid (TSH), follicle (FSH), luteinizing (LH), adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)

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12
Q

what hormones do the thyroid & parathyroid glands secrete?

A

thyroid (T3 & T4), calcitonin, parathyroid (PTH)

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13
Q

what hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones

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14
Q

what hormones do the pancreas secrete?

A

insulin, glucagon

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15
Q

name the other hormones in the body

A

estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, thymosins, melatonin

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16
Q

define & describe GH

A

growth hormone - stimulate growth of all tissues & organs; especially bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle. stimulates the transport of amino acids into cells & the synthesis of glucose during periods of fasting

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17
Q

define & describe PRL

A

prolactin - stimulates breasts to develop. maintains milk productions after birth & known also as lactogenic hormone

18
Q

define & describe TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone - stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones T3 & T4

19
Q

define & describe ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone - stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete steroids, especially cortisol

20
Q

what 2 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland are gonadotropic?

21
Q

define & describe FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone - stimulates the development of ova & sperm

22
Q

define & describe LH

A

luteinizing hormone - causes ovulation in women. stimulates secretion of progesterone in women & testosterone in men

23
Q

define & describe ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone - stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys which also constricts blood vessels

24
Q

describe oxytocin

A

contracts uterine muscle during labor. releases milk from mammary glands during breast-feeding (milk let-down reflex)

25
Q

define & describe T3 & T4

A

triiodothyronine & tetraiodothyronine - secreted by the thyroid gland. controls metabolic rate & regulates physical/neurologic growth & development

26
Q

describe calcitonin

A

secreted by the thyroid gland. regulates calcium & phosphate (decreases plasma levels of calcium & phosphate)

27
Q

define & describe PTH

A

parathyroid gland - secreted by the parathyroid gland. regulates calcium & phosphate (increases plasma calcium; exerts a phosphaturic effect)

28
Q

what 2 hormones secreted by the adrenal gland are catecholamines?

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine

29
Q

describe the role of catecholamines

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex. stimulates the “fight-or-flight” response

30
Q

which catecholamine increases blood glucose?

A

epinephrine

31
Q

what are 3 steroids secreted by the adrenal glands?

A

cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones

32
Q

describe cortisol

A

increases blood glucose. part of the stress response & glucocorticoid helps regulate glucose, fat, & protein metabolism

33
Q

describe aldosterone

A

helps regulate extracellular fluids & electrolytes (Na+ & K+). mineralocorticoid that causes kidneys to reabsorb sodium & water & excrete potassium

34
Q

describe sex hormones

A

androgens that help develop the secondary sex characteristics in F & M

35
Q

describe insulin

A

secreted by beta cells of islets of Langerhans. helps regulate the metabolism of macros & lowers blood glucose levels

36
Q

describe glucagon

A

secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans. increases blood glucose levels

37
Q

describe estrogen & progesterone

A

secreted by the ovaries. stimulates the development of ova & development of secondary sex characteristics in F in addition to promoting conditions for pregnancy

38
Q

describe testosterone

A

secreted by testes. chief M androgen & stimulates development of sperm & secondary sex characteristics in M

39
Q

describe thymosins

A

stimulates maturation of T lymphocytes & secreted by the thymus gland

40
Q

describe melatonin

A

secreted by pineal gland. helps set biorhythms & participates in the sleep-wake cycle

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