HBHI - Chapter 14 - Glands & Hormones

Question 1

3 glands in the brain?

Answer 1

hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary

Question 2

2 glands in neck?

Answer 2

thyroid & parathyroid

Question 3

gland in upper chest?

Answer 3

thymus

Question 4

gland above kidney?

Answer 4

adrenal

Question 5

gland near stomach that is also an organ?

Answer 5

pancreas

Question 6

reproductive glands?

Answer 6

gonads

Question 7

which glands are considered to be the bosses of the endocrine system?

Answer 7

hypothalamus & pituitary

Question 8

which pituitary gland (anterior/posterior) can secrete their own hormones?

Answer 8

anterior pituitary gland

Question 9

which pituitary gland (anterior/posterior) cannot secrete their own hormones?

Answer 9

posterior pituitary gland

Question 10

what hormones do the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 10

oxytocin & antidiuretic (ADH)

Question 11

what hormones do the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 11

growth (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid (TSH), follicle (FSH), luteinizing (LH), adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)

Question 12

what hormones do the thyroid & parathyroid glands secrete?

Answer 12

thyroid (T3 & T4), calcitonin, parathyroid (PTH)

Question 13

what hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 13

epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones

Question 14

what hormones do the pancreas secrete?

Answer 14

insulin, glucagon

Question 15

name the other hormones in the body

Answer 15

estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, thymosins, melatonin

Question 16

define & describe GH

Answer 16

growth hormone - stimulate growth of all tissues & organs; especially bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle. stimulates the transport of amino acids into cells & the synthesis of glucose during periods of fasting

Question 17

define & describe PRL

Answer 17

prolactin - stimulates breasts to develop. maintains milk productions after birth & known also as lactogenic hormone

Question 18

define & describe TSH

Answer 18

thyroid stimulating hormone - stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones T3 & T4

Question 19

define & describe ACTH

Answer 19

adrenocorticotropic hormone - stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete steroids, especially cortisol

Question 20

what 2 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland are gonadotropic?

Answer 20

FSH & LH

Question 21

define & describe FSH

Answer 21

follicle stimulating hormone - stimulates the development of ova & sperm

Question 22

define & describe LH

Answer 22

luteinizing hormone - causes ovulation in women. stimulates secretion of progesterone in women & testosterone in men

Question 23

define & describe ADH

Answer 23

antidiuretic hormone - stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys which also constricts blood vessels

Question 24

describe oxytocin

Answer 24

contracts uterine muscle during labor. releases milk from mammary glands during breast-feeding (milk let-down reflex)

Question 25

define & describe T3 & T4

Answer 25

triiodothyronine & tetraiodothyronine - secreted by the thyroid gland. controls metabolic rate & regulates physical/neurologic growth & development

Question 26

describe calcitonin

Answer 26

secreted by the thyroid gland. regulates calcium & phosphate (decreases plasma levels of calcium & phosphate)

Question 27

define & describe PTH

Answer 27

parathyroid gland - secreted by the parathyroid gland. regulates calcium & phosphate (increases plasma calcium; exerts a phosphaturic effect)

Question 28

what 2 hormones secreted by the adrenal gland are catecholamines?

Answer 28

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 29

describe the role of catecholamines

Answer 29

secreted by the adrenal cortex. stimulates the "fight-or-flight" response

Question 30

which catecholamine increases blood glucose?

Answer 30

epinephrine

Question 31

what are 3 steroids secreted by the adrenal glands?

Answer 31

cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones

Question 32

describe cortisol

Answer 32

increases blood glucose. part of the stress response & glucocorticoid helps regulate glucose, fat, & protein metabolism

Question 33

describe aldosterone

Answer 33

helps regulate extracellular fluids & electrolytes (Na+ & K+). mineralocorticoid that causes kidneys to reabsorb sodium & water & excrete potassium

Question 34

describe sex hormones

Answer 34

androgens that help develop the secondary sex characteristics in F & M

Question 35

describe insulin

Answer 35

secreted by beta cells of islets of Langerhans. helps regulate the metabolism of macros & lowers blood glucose levels

Question 36

describe glucagon

Answer 36

secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans. increases blood glucose levels

Question 37

describe estrogen & progesterone

Answer 37

secreted by the ovaries. stimulates the development of ova & development of secondary sex characteristics in F in addition to promoting conditions for pregnancy

Question 38

describe testosterone

Answer 38

secreted by testes. chief M androgen & stimulates development of sperm & secondary sex characteristics in M

Question 39

describe thymosins

Answer 39

stimulates maturation of T lymphocytes & secreted by the thymus gland

Question 40

describe melatonin

Answer 40

secreted by pineal gland. helps set biorhythms & participates in the sleep-wake cycle