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YR 10 Science > HB & Psychology > Flashcards

HB & Psychology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a synapse

A

The junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of an other neuron

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2
Q

What is action potential

A

Electrical charge that travels down its axon

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3
Q

What is reuptake

A

The sending neuron reabsorbs the excess neurotransmitters from the synapse

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4
Q

What are nerve cells called and what are they made up of

A

Neurons made of cell bodies, dendrites and axons

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5
Q

What type of nerve cells carry messages towards the brain and away from the brain?

A

Sensory and motor neurons

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6
Q

What are neurons

A

nerve cells that provide communication through the body

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7
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

Produces energy for the cell

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8
Q

What do dendrites do

A

Receive impulses and conducts them to the cell body

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9
Q

What do axons do

A

carries messages away from the cell body

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10
Q

What does myelin do

A

Insulates and protects the axon

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11
Q

What Is the cerebral cortex

A

Wrinkled part of the brain, Controls mental processes such as thought

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12
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex and what do they do

A 
Frontal lobe (Movement and Thinking)
Parietal Lobe (Touch, sensation and spatial relationships)
Occipital Lobe (Visual Cortex)
Temporal Lobe (Process sounds including speech)
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13
Q

What is intelligence

A

It is the ability to learn from experience, to think rationally, and to deal with the environment effectively.

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14
Q

What is an achievement?

A

Knowledge and skills gained from experience.

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15
Q

Is intelligence an achievement?

A

No, Intelligence is NOT an achievement.

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16
Q

Define psychology

A

Psychology is the science of behaviour and mind. Includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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17
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain do?

A

Controls language, logic, problem solving and math.

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18
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the brain do?

A

Deals with imagination, feelings, art and spatial relations.

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19
Q

Define cognition

A

the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

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20
Q

Overt and covert behaviours

A

Some examples of overt behaviour include walking, dancing, running,
Covert behaviour is any mental, social, or physical action or practice that is not immediately observable. For example, perceiving or remembering an event.

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21
Q

General mental ability - Spearman G-factor

A

General intelligence, also known as g factor, refers to the existence of a broad mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures.

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22
Q

Define emotion

A

Emotion is associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioural responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. … Emotions produce different physiological, behavioural and cognitive changes.

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23
Q

Multiple Intelligence - Gardner

A

Proposed 8 different kinds of intelligence within us

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24
Q

What is the first intelligence (Gardners multiple intelligences)

A
  1. Linguistic Intelligence (individuals’ ability to understand, speak and write a language)
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25
Q

Gardner - 3

A
  1. Visual spatial (People with Visual/Spatial intelligence are very aware of their surroundings and are good at remembering images. They have a keen sense of direction and often enjoy maps.)
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26
Q

Gardner - 2

A
  1. Logical mathematical intelligence (Logical/mathematical intelligence refers to our ability to think logically, reason, and identify connections.)
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27
Q

Gardner - 4

A
  1. Body Kinesthetics (excellent hand eye and motor coordination, good with hands and at sport)
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28
Q

Gardner - 6

A
  1. Interpersonal intelligence - sensitivity to other’s feelings (good with people)
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29
Q

Gardner - 5

A
  1. Musical Rhythmic (Some people with musical intelligence are especially gifted at composing, singing or playing an instrument. They often have a song running through their head.)
30
Q

Gardner - 7

A
  1. Intrapersonal intelligence - Insight into own feelings.
31
Q

Gardner - 8

A
  1. Naturalistic - ‘in time’ with nature - aware of the environment.
32
Q

Emotional intelligence - Goleman

A

5 factors that are involved in academic or occupational success (emotional intelligence)

33
Q

Emotional intelligence - 1

A
  • Self-awareness - Ability to recognise own feelings.
34
Q

Emotional Intelligence - 2

A
  • Mood management - Ability to separate one from unpleasant feelings.
35
Q

Emotional intelligence - 3

A
  • Self motivation - Ability to move ahead with confidence and enthusiasm
36
Q

Emotional Intelligence - 4

A
  • Impulse control - ability to delay pleasure until the task at hand has been accomplished
37
Q

Emotional Intelligence - 5

A
  • People skills - ability to empathise, understand, communicate and cooperate with others.
38
Q

What is aptitude

A

the natural ability to do something.

39
Q

What is an intelligence (IQ) test?

A

An intelligence quotient is a total score derived from several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence.

40
Q

General intelligence, Binet

A

Alfred Binet – 1st modern intelligence test(1905)
• Measures - School Knowledge
• Yielded mental age (MA) - Shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.

41
Q

Rene Descartes

A

René Descartes invented analytical geometry and introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method. He is regarded as one of the greatest philosophers in history. His analytical geometry was a tremendous conceptual breakthrough, linking the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra.

42
Q

William James

A

Among his many accomplishments, he was the first to teach a psychology course in the U.S. and is often referred to as the father of American psychology.

43
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Wrote first textbook of psychology (Principles of Physiological Psychology, 1873-4) Set up first laboratory of experimental psychology (1879) Used the scientific method to study the structure of sensation and perception.

44
Q

Who was Phineas Gage?

A

Phineas P. Gage was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his Frontal Lobe.

45
Q

What type of scanning device was used to analyse Gage’s brain?

A

CT (Computed Tomography) Scan

46
Q

What part of Gage’s brain was damaged?

A

The Frontal Lobe, however there may have been some damage elsewhere.

47
Q

How did Gage change after the injury?

A

His personality changed. His reasoning changed and inhibition of behaviours.

48
Q

Central vs Peripheral nervous system

A

central nervous system is Brain and spinal cord). Peripheral nervous system includes Autonomic (sympathetic NS which is arousing and Parasympathetic which is calming) and the somatic NS

49
Q

What are the three parts of the brain and their main functions

A

The hind brain (vital functions, balance, respiration), midbrain (Vision and hearing) and forebrain

50
Q

What makes up the hind brain and what do they do

A

medulla - vital functions
Pons - body movement, attention and sleep
Cerebellum - balance and coordination

51
Q

What makes up the midbrain and what do they do

A

reticular active system (attention, sleep and arousal)

52
Q

What makes up the midbrain

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Limbic System
Cerebrum

53
Q

Primary motor cortex function

A

generate neural impulses that control the execution of movement.

54
Q

Primary motor cortex location

A

Frontal Lobe

55
Q

Primary motor cortex definition

A

one of the principal brain areas involved in motor function

56
Q

Somatosensory cortex defintion

A

The somatosensory cortex receives all sensory input from the body

57
Q

Somatosensory cortex location

A

located in a ridge of cortex called the postcentral gyrus, which is found in the parietal lobe

58
Q

Somatosensory cortex function

A

Neurons that sense feelings in our skin, pain, visual, or auditory stimuli, all send their information to the somatosensory cortex for processing.

59
Q

What is the thalamus

A

Is a relay station for sensory info

59
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Regulates body temp, motivation, emotions. Also involved in hunger, thirst and sex behavior

60
Q

What does the limbic system do and what does it make up

A

memory, emotion, sex, aggression. Made up of the hippocampus and amygdala

61
Q

What is the cerebrum

A

Large part of the brain (70% of volume), coordination of voluntary activity in the body

62
Q

What is the motor cortex

A

An area behind the frontal lobe that controls movement

63
Q

What is the sensory cortex

A

Receives intro from skin senses and from the movement of body parts

64
Q

What are the five different types of cortex

A

Sensory, motor, visual, auditory, olfactory

65
Q

What is the association area

A

Involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking

66
Q

What does Broca’s area do and where is it found

A

Produces language, found in left hemisphere

67
Q

What is caused as a result of damage to broca’s area

A

Broca’s aphasia. Patients understand language, hard to find words and are aware of their problems

68
Q

What does wernickes area do

A

Speech comprehension

69
Q

What is caused as a result of damage to Wernicke’s area

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia. Difficult understanding speech. Speech is intelligible (nonsense words). Unaware of their disability

70
Q

What is the corpus callosum

A

The structure that connects the two hemisphere of the brain

71
Q

What are the 8 different intelligences

A 
Verbal
Logical 
Bodily 
Musical
Visual 
Inter 
Intra 
Naturalist

YR 10 Science (6 decks)

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