Chemisty Flashcards
what is ionic bonding
it is a type of bonding that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
what is covalent bonding
bonds between non-metal elements. Formed by the sharing of electrons rather than the transfer and delocalisation and metallic bonding.
what is an example of ionic bonding
sodium chloride
what is an example of covalent bonding
water - H20
what makes up ionic compounds
positive metal cations and negative non metal anions
what are examples of ionic compounds
CaCl2, lead oxide, aluminium phosphate, magnesium nitrate
what makes up covalent compounds or molecules
made from non metal atoms that share electrons to complete their full shells
what are examples of covalent bonds
water, sugar, wax, plastics, ammonia
how can you tell if something is ionic or covalent
look at periodic table
metal + non metal
How do you calculate the solubility of a ionic compound in grams per Litre
Using the formula S=m/v where:
S - solubility in grams/litre
M - Mass in grams
V - Volume in litres
How do you calculate the solubility of a ionic compound in Moles per litre
Using the formula n=m/M where:
n - Number of moles
m - mass given in question
M - Molar mass of the substance (atomic weight of all elements)
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity in solution but not in solid state ?
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten (liquid) or in aqueous solution (dissolved in water), because their ions are free to move from place to place. Ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when solid, as their ions are held in fixed positions and cannot move.
why are ionic compounds brittle
Ionic compounds are brittle due to the strong bond between the positive and negative ions that make up the molecules.
study the solubility table -
Make sure you understand how to read the solubility table in the data sheet you will be given. Give examples of each type – example which of the carbonates are soluble ? Which of the sulphates are insoluble?
From the data sheet what is a colour of Barium sulphate? Copper hydroxide?
What is a precipitation reaction ?
A precipitation reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two soluble salts in aqueous solution combine and one of the products is an insoluble salt called a precipitate.
