HB exam 1 review

Question 1

What is homeostasis? What does it maintain?

Answer 1

A constant internal environment. Body temperature is maintained.

Question 2

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 2

Cell

Question 3

What is the hierarchy of an organism?

Answer 3

Atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 4

What is evolution?

Answer 4

How a population changes over time

Question 5

What are vertebrates? What do they include?

Answer 5

Animals with backbones, or spines, and internal skeletons. Fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds.

Question 6

What domain do humans belong to?

Answer 6

Eukarya

Question 7

What domain includes single cell organisms and what are they called?

Answer 7

Bacteria and archaea

Question 8

What is the organization in nature?

Answer 8

Species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 9

What is a community?

Answer 9

Interreacting populations

Question 10

What are the steps of the scientific method in order?

Answer 10

1.Start with an observation
2.Develop a hypothesis
3.Make a predicion and perform experiments
4.Collect and analyze data
5.Develop a conclusion

Question 11

What is science?

Answer 11

A way of knowing about the natural world

Question 12

What is science based on?

Answer 12

Facts, evidence, objectivity

Question 13

What is biodiversity?

Answer 13

variety of all life on earth

Question 14

What is culture?

Answer 14

Activities and items passed from one generation

Question 15

What are the kingdoms?

Answer 15

Plants (plantae), Fungi (Fungi), Animals(Animalia), Protists (Prostista)

Question 16

What are the names of all three domains

Answer 16

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 17

What is natural selection?

Answer 17

The process by which evolution occurs.

Question 18

What is the plasma membrane made of ?

Answer 18

Made of a phospholipid by layer that is selectively permeable (regulates what enters and leaves the cell)

Question 19

What do peroxisomes make?

Answer 19

Hydrogen peroxide, phospholipids, and other metabolites

Question 20

What do mitochondria do?

Answer 20

Cellular respiration. Convert the chemical energy stored in glucose into chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate

Question 21

What does the Golgi body (apparatus) do?

Answer 21

Involved in processing, packaging, and secretion

Question 22

What does the cyto skeleton contain?

Answer 22

Protein fibers that maintain cell shape, anchor, and or move organelles in the cell

Question 23

What part of the cell holds most of the DNA?

Answer 23

The nucleus

Question 24

What is selective permeability?

Answer 24

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 25

What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 25

RER has ribosomes and SER lacks ribosomes

Question 26

What does flagella do?

Answer 26

Helps cells move through liquids

Question 27

Where do we find cilia?

Answer 27

Lining the respitorial tract

Question 28

What is osmosis?

Answer 28

The diffusion of water molecules from high to low water concentration

Question 29

What happens in an isotonic solution, hypertonic, and hypotonic solution?

Answer 29

Isotonic - cells do not change in size. Hypertonic - cells shrink. Hypotonic - cells swell and can burst

Question 30

What is active transport?

Answer 30

The movement of molecules from a lower to higher concentration

Question 31

What is used in active transport in order for it to work?

Answer 31

Protein carrier called a pump Energy/ ATP

Question 32

What is an aquaporin?

Answer 32

Water channels

Question 33

What is phagocytosis, What is pinocytosis, exocytosis, and endocytosis?

Answer 33

* Phagocytosis - engulfs large particles or microorganisms * Pinocytosis - use of fluids and dissolved substances by the cell * Exocytosi - the release of substances from the cell * Endocytosis - takes in particles from the outside by engulfing them in a vesicle

Question 34

What tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?

Answer 34

Epithelial tissue

Question 35

What does pseudo stratify mean?

Answer 35

Appears to be in multiple layers but is in a single layer

Question 36

What does stratify mean?

Answer 36

Form or arrange into layers.

Question 37

Simple squamous

Answer 37

- single layer of flattened cells

Question 38

Cuboidal

Answer 38

single layer of cube shaped cells

Question 39

Columnar

Answer 39

single layer of column shaped cell

Question 40

What are exocrine and endocrine glands?

Answer 40

Exocrine glands secrete into ducts. Endocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream have no ducts

Question 41

What is the difference between cardiac, skeletal, and muscle tissue?

Answer 41

Cardiac is only found in the heart, skeletal are involved in movement, muscle is found in te walls of internal organs

Question 42

What are neurons?

Answer 42

specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit electrical signals, allowing communication between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.

Question 43

What are neuroglial cells?

Answer 43

support cells in the nervous systems

Question 44

What does the integumentary consist of?

Answer 44

Skin, hair, nails, glands

Question 45

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 45

Epidermis and dermis

Question 46

What are melanocytes?

Answer 46

Produces skin color (melanin) and protects from UV lights

Question 47

Skin disorders

Answer 47

acne, burns, hives

Question 48

What is extracellular fluid?

Answer 48

The fluid in the body that exists outside of cells

Question 49

What is positive feedback?

Answer 49

Brings about a change in the same direction as the stimulus

Question 50

What is negative feedback?

Answer 50

brings about a change in the opposite of the stimulus