Hazards in Geographical context

Question 1

What are natural hazards?

Answer 1

An event that threatens both life and property

Question 2

What is socio-economic disruption?

Answer 2

Disruption to social (lifestyle) or economic (money/jobs) aspects of society

Question 3

What is environmental degradation?

Answer 3

Deterioration of the natural environment

Question 4

Define disaster.

Answer 4

Realisation of a hazard

Question 5

Define Geophysical.

Answer 5

tectonic activity

Question 6

Define Hydrological.

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

Define Atmospheric.

Answer 7

Atmosphere

Question 8

Define magnitude.

Answer 8

The size of a hazzard event

Question 9

Define Frequency.

Answer 9

The distribution of hazard events through time (how often they occur)

Question 10

What is the characteristics of natural hazards?

Answer 10

• each has clear origins and distinctive effects
  -little or no warning
• exposure to the risk may vary
  -most damage and loss of life occurs shortly after the hazard, but impacts may last into the future
• their scale and impact requires an emergency response

Question 11

Why are some people more vulnerable?

Answer 11

• underlying causes of vulnerability (poverty)
• pressures (lack of food/education/rapid population)
• Unsafe conditions of population (dangerous locations, unsafe buildings, weak local economy)

Question 12

What is fatalism?

Answer 12

The acceptance that hazards are natural events that we can do little to control and losses have to be accepted.

Question 13

What is prediction?

Answer 13

the ability to forecast events and give warnings that can be taken to reduce the impact of hazard events

Question 14

What is prevention?

Answer 14

For natural hazards, this is unrealistic as the natural procesesses which cause them cant be stopped

Question 15

What is protection?

Answer 15

Modifying the built environmetnt to reduce the damage to property, infrastructure ect.

Question 16

What is primary effects?

Answer 16

The effects which directly result from that event.

Question 17

What is secondary effects?

Answer 17

These are effects that result from the primary effect.

Question 18

What is risk management?

Answer 18

The process of considering the social, economic and political factors involved in risk analysis, the acceptable level or risk and the actions to be taken to minimise damage/ disruption.

Question 19

What is risk sharing?

Answer 19

Pre-arranged measures that aim to reduce the damage through public education, evacuations, prevision of emergency supplies and the taking out of insurance.

Question 20

What is resilience?

Answer 20

The sustained ability of individuals or communities to withstand, respond to and recover from the effects of a hazard event.

Question 21

What are the 3 stages of the disaster risk management cycle?

Answer 21

Pre-disaster
Disaster response
post disaster

Question 22

What occurs in the pre-disaster stage of the disaster risk management cycle?

Answer 22

-Risk assessment
- Mitigation/prevention
- Preparedness

Question 23

What occurs is the disaster response stage of the disaster risk management cycle?

Answer 23

. Warning/evacuation
. Saving people
.Providing immediate assistance
. Assessing damage

Question 24

What occurs in the post disaster stage of the disaster risk management cycle?

Answer 24

-ongoing assistance
-restoration of infrastructural services
-reconstruction
-economic and social recovery
- ongoing development activities
- risk assessment mitigation/prevention

Question 25

What is the time period for relief in the park model?

Answer 25

hours to days

Question 26

What is the time period for rehabilitation in the park model?

Answer 26

days to weeks

Question 27

What is the time period for reconstruction in the park model?

Answer 27

weeks to years