Hazards in Geographical context Flashcards
What are natural hazards?
An event that threatens both life and property
What is socio-economic disruption?
Disruption to social (lifestyle) or economic (money/jobs) aspects of society
What is environmental degradation?
Deterioration of the natural environment
Define disaster.
Realisation of a hazard
Define Geophysical.
tectonic activity
Define Hydrological.
Water
Define Atmospheric.
Atmosphere
Define magnitude.
The size of a hazzard event
Define Frequency.
The distribution of hazard events through time (how often they occur)
What is the characteristics of natural hazards?
- each has clear origins and distinctive effects
-little or no warning - exposure to the risk may vary
-most damage and loss of life occurs shortly after the hazard, but impacts may last into the future - their scale and impact requires an emergency response
Why are some people more vulnerable?
- underlying causes of vulnerability (poverty)
- pressures (lack of food/education/rapid population)
- Unsafe conditions of population (dangerous locations, unsafe buildings, weak local economy)
What is fatalism?
The acceptance that hazards are natural events that we can do little to control and losses have to be accepted.
What is prediction?
the ability to forecast events and give warnings that can be taken to reduce the impact of hazard events
What is prevention?
For natural hazards, this is unrealistic as the natural procesesses which cause them cant be stopped but can prevent the significance of the impacts
What is protection?
Modifying the built environmetnt to reduce the damage to property, infrastructure ect.
What is primary effects?
The effects which directly result from that event.
What is secondary effects?
These are effects that result from the primary effect.
What is risk management?
The process of considering the social, economic and political factors involved in risk analysis, the acceptable level or risk and the actions to be taken to minimise damage/ disruption.
What is risk sharing?
Pre-arranged measures that aim to reduce the damage through public education, evacuations, prevision of emergency supplies and the taking out of insurance.
What is resilience?
The sustained ability of individuals or communities to withstand, respond to and recover from the effects of a hazard event.
What are the 3 stages of the disaster risk management cycle?
Pre-disaster
Disaster response
post disaster
What occurs in the pre-disaster stage of the disaster risk management cycle?
-Risk assessment
- Mitigation/prevention
- Preparedness
What occurs is the disaster response stage of the disaster risk management cycle?
. Warning/evacuation
. Saving people
.Providing immediate assistance
. Assessing damage
What occurs in the post disaster stage of the disaster risk management cycle?
-ongoing assistance
-restoration of infrastructural services
-reconstruction
-economic and social recovery
- ongoing development activities
- risk assessment mitigation/prevention
What is the time period for relief in the park model?
hours to days
What is the time period for rehabilitation in the park model?
days to weeks
What is the time period for reconstruction in the park model?
weeks to years
