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Hazards > Hazards BK 3 - Volcanic Hazards > Flashcards

Hazards BK 3 - Volcanic Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

which plate margins do volcanoes occur?

A

Constructive
destructive continental/oceanic and oceanic/oceanic
hotspots

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2
Q

what determines how hazardous and how explosive volcano eruption will be

A

Nature of the magma

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3
Q

When is magma formed?

A

When rocks in the crust or mantle melt

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4
Q

How is magma classified?

A

according to its silicon and oxygen content (silica)

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5
Q

what are the three types of magma?

A

Basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic

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6
Q

what does viscosity mean?

A

How runny or thick lava is

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7
Q

When does magma turn into lava?

A

When magma beneath the ground erupts onto the surface

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8
Q

What are some key features of basaltic magma?

A

45% Silica content
1000 C Eruption temperature
Very Runny
Tectonic Setting=Hotspots and Constructive margins
Not hazerdous

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9
Q

what are some key features of andesitic magma?

A

55% Silica
800 C Eruption Temperature
Sticky
Tectonic Setting = Both destructive plate margins
Very Hazardous

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10
Q

what are some key features of rhyolitic magma?

A

65% Silica Content
700 C Eruption Temperature
Very Sticky
Hotspots and Cont/Cont margins
Very Hazardous but rare

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11
Q

The more acidic, the magma

A

The more explosive the eruption

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12
Q

What does effusive mean?

A

The opposite of explosive

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13
Q

What are the six types of volcano?

A

fissure volcano, shield volcano, Dome volcano, ash- cinder volcano, composite volcano and caldera volcano

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14
Q

what are some features of fissure volcanoes?

A

they occur on cracked or faults. They are non-explosive and have a basaltic magma.

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15
Q

What are some features of shield volcanoes?

A

they are the largest, they have broad and gentle slopes. They are formed from lava that has cooled and solidified theyre non-explosive.

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16
Q

what are dome volcanoes made from and what are eruptions like

A

they are made of rapidly, cooling, viscous lava, eruptions are explosive

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17
Q

What are cinder volcanoes made up from

A

They are mounds made from basaltic magma, built up during an eruption

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18
Q

What are some features of composite volcanoes?

A

they are cone chipped and made of alternating layers of ash and lava from previous eruptions, eruptions are explosive

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19
Q

what are some features of caldera volcanoes?

A

Huge circular depressions caused by a sudden collapse of a volcano crater. During an eruption they can be formed from other volcanoes.

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20
Q

What is the equivalent to the Richter scale for volcanoes?

A

Volcanic explosivity index

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21
Q

what are VEI eruptions on a scale 0

A

quiet and effusive

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22
Q

what are VEI eruptions on a scale 1-3

A

more violent and may cause some localised damage

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23
Q

what are VEI eruptions on a scale 4-5

A

moderately explosive and damage may be on a regional scale

24
Q

what are VEI eruptions more than 6

A

a very large scale and may cause global impacts through climate

25
Q

what does the term Icelandic mean?

A

A term to describe, magma flow and gently through a fissure or a crack

26
Q

What are Hawaiian eruptions?

A

Where magma flows gently from a volcano central vent

27
Q

what are Strombolian eruptions?

A

Violent and are associated with andesitic magma

28
Q

What are Pelean eruptions?

A

Associated with andesitic magma and include pyroclastic flows
Violent explosions
Usually clear a blocked vent

29
Q

What are features of plinian/vesuvian eruptions

A

Violent and andesitic in nature, causing large amount of material to be ejected

30
Q

What are krakatoen eruptions like

A

exceptionally violent in Mira move much of the volcanoes original cone

31
Q

Do a effusive or explosive eruptions happen more regularly

A

effusive

32
Q

what is the VEI of a Hawaiian, Strombolian, Volcanion, and Plinian eruptions like?

A

Hawaiian= 0-1
Strombolian = 3-4
Volcanian(Pelean)= 5-6
Plinian=8+

33
Q

what sort of eruptions happen at shield volcanoes?

A

Hawaiian

34
Q

What sort of volcanoes, see Strombolian eruptions?

A

Fissure and Cindercone volcanoes

35
Q

what sort of volcano see Plinian and Vulcanian eruptions?

A

Composite

36
Q

what sort of volcano see Krakatoan eruption is?

A

Caldera

37
Q

where do basaltic eruptions happen?

A

Hotspots and constructive plates

38
Q

What’s another name for Pelean eruptions

A

Volcanian

39
Q

Where is an example of andesitic eruption volcano

A

The Andes or mount Pinatubo

40
Q

What’s an example of where rhyolitic eruptions happen

A

Mount Saint Helens

41
Q

what is a lava flow

A

Floors of magma that has been extruded from a volcano vent

42
Q

is there a lava flow a primary or secondary Hazard?

A

Primary

43
Q

what is tephra?

A

Solid material ejected from the eruption of a volcano, sometimes from pyroclastic fallout

44
Q

what does Tephra include

A

volcanic bombs, lapilli and ash

45
Q

what are some effects of ash?

A

Can cause buildings to collapse, can suffocate crops and clog river channels

46
Q

is tephra a primary or secondary Hazard

A

Primary

47
Q

What is a pyroclastic flow?

A

Dense fluidised clouds of ash, larger, volcanic, debris and hot gas that can travel vast distances at high speeds, destroying everything in their path

48
Q

is a pyroclastic flow, a primary or secondary hazard

A

Primary

49
Q

what is a volcanic gas

A

Carbon dioxide carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and chlorine that are all toxic

50
Q

what are some impact of volcanic gases?

A

People and livestock to suffocate and impact in aquatic ecosystems

51
Q

what are lahars?

A

When volcanic ash combines with water, for example, rain or a typhoon

52
Q

is a lahar a primary or secondary Hazard?

A

Secondary

53
Q

What are some impact of acid rain?

A

causing damage to vegetation and corroding buildings

54
Q

how can volcanic eruptions impact climate change?

A

Debris ejected during an explosion can reach the troposphere and reduce temperatures by deflecting incoming solar radiation back to space

55
Q

what are some impact of volcanic eruptions?

A

Homelessness, disease, disruption to flights, secondary mass movement, lack of basic necessities, transport blocked

56
Q

What is a social impact of pyroclastic flows?

A

they cause serious, burning

Hazards (13 decks)

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