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Hazards > Hazards BK 1 - Concepts Of Hazards > Flashcards

Hazards BK 1 - Concepts Of Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of hazards?

A

Atmospheric, geographical hydrological

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2
Q

what is a natural hazard?

A

Events that are a threat to the physical environment, built environment and people that take place naturally

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3
Q

what is a hazard?

A

Something that is a threat or danger to another thing

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4
Q

What is a disaster?

A

An event that has gone wrong causing negative consequences

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5
Q

What is an extreme natural process/natural phenomena?

A

non-human induced event, which doesn’t affect people or put people at risk

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6
Q

Where do tropical storms tend to affect?

A

Close to the equator

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7
Q

What is distribution?

A

The way things are given or spread out in an area

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8
Q

What are the three factors relating to risk?

A

Hazard, vulnerability and exposure

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9
Q

what is the risk equation?

A

Risk = Hazard x vulnerability

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10
Q

What are some factors that affect a hazards vulnerability to people

A

conflict and war, upland and lowland areas, inland and coastal areas, corruption, accessibility to services, Lack of resources, evacuation plans.

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11
Q

What is the UN definition of vulnerability?

A

The condition is determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors, which increases susceptibility of an individual or community to the impact of hazards

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12
Q

what are some reasons for an increase in vulnerability in MEDC

A

More development means higher economic costs and jobs to replace, cultural places damaged, higher risk of damaging, bridges, roads, nuclear plants

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13
Q

how is vulnerability reduced in MEDC

A

better built infrastructure, more resources better emergency services, more research, better education of hazards

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14
Q

what are some reasons for increasing vulnerability in LEDC

A

Poorer built buildings, poorer emergency services and resources, corruption, more densely populated

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15
Q

what are some reasons that decrease vulnerability in LEDC

A

Likely to get humanitarian aid, damage is less expensive, places aren’t as built up

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16
Q

why is vulnerability high in urban areas

A

taller buildings are more likely to collapse, More people at risk, increase in congestion.

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17
Q

Why can vulnerability decrease in urban areas?

A

better access to healthcare, better infrastructure for evacuation, more investment into urban education

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18
Q

Why can vulnerability increase in rule areas?

A

More difficult to evacuate because of less developed roads less access to phone signal, little warning of hazards, more elderly people

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19
Q

Why can vulnerability decrease in rule areas?

A

Less people are easy to evacuate less pressure on roads, less chance of secondary hazards as there are less buildings

20
Q

Why can’t vulnerability increase in inland areas?

A

higher population means a high risk of death, more urban built-up areas that are more prone to collapse, mountainous areas more prone to landslides

21
Q

why can’t vulnerability decrease in inland areas?

A

Easy to leave, better access to emergency services

22
Q

why does vulnerability increase in coastal areas?

A

More risk of hydrological hazards, hard to leave the area, possibly a mountainous area which is hard to leave

23
Q

why does vulnerability decrease in coastal areas?

A

Fewer population near the coast means less people at risk, could evacuate by bought

24
Q

why does vulnerability increase in upland areas?

A

Easier for secondary hazards happen , possibly more rainfall, Difficult to access road networks, settlements may be cut off

25
Q

Why may vulnerability decrease in upland areas?

A

fewer people live there, less risk of tropical storms possibly, less risk from flooding

26
Q

why does vulnerability increase in lowland areas?

A

More risk from flooding, usually higher population

27
Q

Why does vulnerability decrease in Lowland areas?

A

Better infrastructure, so it’s easier to evacuate and for emergency services to arrive

28
Q

what is the definition of a risk?

A

Something that poses as dangerous to someone or something

29
Q

what is the definition of vulnerability

A

The characteristics of a place that makes it more susceptible to loss/damage

30
Q

what are some factors that might affect the way people perceive natural hazards

A

The rate in which they happen, media representation, age, socio economic status, level of education, family status 

31
Q

What are the three responses to natural hazards?

A

fatalism, fear and adaptation

32
Q

what is fatalism?

A

People who accept that has, is it going to happen in the place so don’t leave

33
Q

what is fear?

A

When people are too scared of a hazard that they can’t continue live in the

34
Q

what is adaptation?

A

If the hazard can be predicted, people think they can prepare for it on, reduce the risk of them dying

35
Q

In terms of natural hazards, what is meant by the term perception?

A

the way in which someone understands a hazard

36
Q

what is the duration of a hazard?

A

The length of time that has a hazard lasts for

37
Q

what does magnitude mean?

A

The strength of a hazard

38
Q

what scale is magnitude measured on?

A

The Richter scale are all the volcanic explosively index

39
Q

What is the frequency of hazards

A

The return interval of hazards of certain sizes

40
Q

What is the speed of onset?

A

How quickly a hazard arrives

41
Q

what is the spacial concentration of a hazard?

A

Where hazards are located or centred?

42
Q

what is the aerial extent of a hazard?

A

If it has had covered is a large area or small area

43
Q

What are the five stages of the integrated a risk management diagram?

A

Establishing the context, risk identification, risk analysis, risk, evaluation and risk treatment

44
Q

What is an NGO?

A

Non-governmental organisation

45
Q

What are the four factors of the hazard management cycle?

A

Preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation

46
Q

what are some examples of how places can mitigate against a natural hazard?

A

Building codes, building zoning ,public education, and vulnerability analysis

47
Q

What are the five stages of the park model?

A

modifying the cause and event
the event happening
search rescue and care
relief and rehabilitation
reconstruction

Hazards (13 decks)

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