Hazards

Question 1

Tambora eruption

Answer 1

1815

Question 2

Tambora death count

Answer 2

60-120 thousand deaths

Question 3

Global cooling after Tambora

Answer 3

Temperatures fell by 1 degree due to sulphur being projected into theair
‘the year without summer
Behringer - witch trials

Question 4

Economic impacts of Tambora

Answer 4

Price of grain quadrupled in Switzerland 1815-1817

Question 5

Landslides Example

Answer 5

Langtang Nepal

Question 6

Liquefaction example

Answer 6

2010 Christchurch

Question 7

Tsunamis

Answer 7

Tambora and Japan

Question 8

E15 Eruption Date

Answer 8

14th April 2010

Question 9

E15 Global impacts

Answer 9

Nealy all major European airports closed
Britain looses 10 million a day
100,000 flights cancelled
Stock Market drops 4%

Question 10

Bam Date and quick facts

Answer 10

2003
No choice but to live there
90% of buildings destroyed

Question 11

Mount Merapi quick facts

Answer 11

October 2010
350 deaths
320,000 displaced
Pyroclastic flows kill the ‘Grandfather’ of the volcano as well as others

Question 12

Haiti Date

Answer 12

12 Janurary 2010

Question 13

Haiti type of earthquake

Answer 13

Left lateral strike slip between the Gonave micro plate and the Caribbean Plate

Question 14

Human Factors effecting vulnerability

Answer 14

Million families reliant on food aid
1957-87 - Papa Doc and Baby Doc Duvalier remove $500 million from economy
Dense population - 3.5 million living in the area
Brain drain 80% of students leave country
Poor construction weak cement and brittle steel

Question 15

Percentage living in slum conditions Haiti

Answer 15

86%

Question 16

Haiti Response

Answer 16

130,000 food packets and 70,000 water containers distributed in first weekend
2,000 rescuers from 43 groups
But 20,000 died each day who could have been saved by surgery
Efectivness of government limited as presidential palace had been demolished

Question 17

‘Hope for Haiti’

Answer 17

Raised 35 million

Question 18

Haiti UK aid donation

Answer 18

20 million

Question 19

Haiti death toll

Answer 19

220,000 people killed, 9,000 also killed by cholera

Question 20

Haiti housing impacts

Answer 20

40-50% of buildings destroyed

4 years on 150,000 still living in tents

Question 21

Christchurch date

Answer 21

22nd Feb 2011

Question 22

Newzealand GDP

Answer 22

$39,000 dollars

Question 23

Response

Answer 23

Emergency plan in action within two hours under the National Crisis Management Centre
By 6.00 am the next day 95% of electricity had been restored

Question 24

Christchurch impacts

Answer 24

NZ $30 billion (10% of GDP)
Death toll of 185
10,000 buildings had to be demolished

Question 25

Management Prediction

Answer 25

65% chance of a 2.6 earthquake by 2030
New earthquake proof schools and hospitals
Earthquake proof zones
ISMEP trained 7 million in first aid
Emergency drills

Question 26

Japan date

Answer 26

March 2011

Question 27

Japan magnitude

Answer 27

9

Question 28

Japan Tsunami

Answer 28

133 feet tall, went 10km inland, over $300 billion in damages, death count over 15,000

Question 29

Japan Mitigation

Answer 29

Aseismic design (75% of fatalities as a result of poor building standards) , warning systems half 7 bullet trains and 10,000 elevators, 58% of people head to high ground

Question 30

LIDC mitigation

Answer 30

tires in walls, light roofs etc, confined masonry

Question 31

Other mitigation strategies

Answer 31

Roach biobots (North Carolina)
Mission 4636 hotline

Question 32

Degg Model

Answer 32

Risk=hazardxvulnerabilitt