Hazards Flashcards
Tambora eruption
1815
Tambora death count
60-120 thousand deaths
Global cooling after Tambora
Temperatures fell by 1 degree due to sulphur being projected into theair
‘the year without summer
Behringer - witch trials
Economic impacts of Tambora
Price of grain quadrupled in Switzerland 1815-1817
Landslides Example
Langtang Nepal
Liquefaction example
2010 Christchurch
Tsunamis
Tambora and Japan
E15 Eruption Date
14th April 2010
E15 Global impacts
Nealy all major European airports closed
Britain looses 10 million a day
100,000 flights cancelled
Stock Market drops 4%
Bam Date and quick facts
2003
No choice but to live there
90% of buildings destroyed
Mount Merapi quick facts
October 2010
350 deaths
320,000 displaced
Pyroclastic flows kill the ‘Grandfather’ of the volcano as well as others
Haiti Date
12 Janurary 2010
Haiti type of earthquake
Left lateral strike slip between the Gonave micro plate and the Caribbean Plate
Human Factors effecting vulnerability
Million families reliant on food aid
1957-87 - Papa Doc and Baby Doc Duvalier remove $500 million from economy
Dense population - 3.5 million living in the area
Brain drain 80% of students leave country
Poor construction weak cement and brittle steel
Percentage living in slum conditions Haiti
86%
Haiti Response
130,000 food packets and 70,000 water containers distributed in first weekend
2,000 rescuers from 43 groups
But 20,000 died each day who could have been saved by surgery
Efectivness of government limited as presidential palace had been demolished
‘Hope for Haiti’
Raised 35 million
Haiti UK aid donation
20 million
Haiti death toll
220,000 people killed, 9,000 also killed by cholera
Haiti housing impacts
40-50% of buildings destroyed
4 years on 150,000 still living in tents
Christchurch date
22nd Feb 2011
Newzealand GDP
$39,000 dollars
Response
Emergency plan in action within two hours under the National Crisis Management Centre
By 6.00 am the next day 95% of electricity had been restored
Christchurch impacts
NZ $30 billion (10% of GDP)
Death toll of 185
10,000 buildings had to be demolished
Management Prediction
65% chance of a 2.6 earthquake by 2030 New earthquake proof schools and hospitals Earthquake proof zones ISMEP trained 7 million in first aid Emergency drills
Japan date
March 2011
Japan magnitude
9
Japan Tsunami
133 feet tall, went 10km inland, over $300 billion in damages, death count over 15,000
Japan Mitigation
Aseismic design (75% of fatalities as a result of poor building standards) , warning systems half 7 bullet trains and 10,000 elevators, 58% of people head to high ground
LIDC mitigation
tires in walls, light roofs etc, confined masonry
Other mitigation strategies
Roach biobots (North Carolina) Mission 4636 hotline
Degg Model
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