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Geography A level > Climate Change > Flashcards

Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Hot house conditions

A

150-200 Mya
2000 ppm
3-4 degrees warmer

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2
Q

Icehouse conditions

A

4-5 degrees cooler
1.8mya-12kya
approximately 200ppm

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3
Q

Mid cretaceous

A

100 million years ago. - 6-8 degrees higher

C02 levels 5 times higher

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4
Q

Devensian period

A

20,000 years ago

Ice 1km deep

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5
Q

Current interglacial period

A

Holocene

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6
Q

Medieval warm period

A

900-1300 years ago

1-2 degrees warmer

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7
Q

little ice age

A

Mean annual temps declined by 0.6 degrees
Tambora and Laki
Crop failures

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8
Q

Increase in ocean temps

A

0.57 degrees

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9
Q

Shrinking of glaciers

A

Valley glaciers to shrink 80-96 percent
1961-2005 - thickness of glaciers shrunk by 12 m
Melting of ice sheets adds 1mm to sea level rise per year

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10
Q

Sea level rise

A

3mm per year

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11
Q

Snow cover

A

Decreasing by 2 percent per decade
snow reflects 70-80 percent of radiation, vegetation reflects only 20%
Decline in sea ice by 8%

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12
Q

Land use changes

A

Responsible 1850-1990 for 121 GtC

south east Asia accounts for half of deforestation in tropical forests

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13
Q

Industrialisation

A

Factories Mathew Boulton

21.3% of global energy consumption in power generation

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14
Q

Population growth

A

1800-1bn
2000-6bn
Top of the s curve - 9-12 bn

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15
Q

C02 concentrations

A

280pp pre industrial, now at 400ppm

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16
Q

UK emissions

A

1800 - 7 thousand thousand tonnes
1900 - 115,000 thousand tonnes
19 times increase

17
Q

UK reductions

A

Fell by 9% in 2014
35% natural gas
Kyoto - knocked of 12.5% of 1990 benchmark by 2012
Now aims for 80%

18
Q

China emissions

A

1900 - 26 thousand

2010 - 2,500,000 thousand tonnes of co2

19
Q

Why did chinas economy grow

A

economic liberalisation - command to fee market after Mao in 70’s

20
Q

Proportion of coal in chana energy mix

A

65% more than rest of the world combined uses

21
Q

Climate Change Deniers

A

Lord Lawson - BbC aired his sceptic views, absolute uproar
Bjorn Lomborg ‘the sceptical environmentalist’ - denies significance of climate change and finds there are benefits
James Inhofe - “the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people - 2 million in payments from big businesses

22
Q

Percentage of scientists that believe in anthropogenic climate change

A

97% but 1000 don’t….

23
Q

Types of sceptics

A

trend, attribution and impact sceptics

24
Q

REDD

A

paying developing countries to look after forests

25
Q

Kivalina

A

Kivalina
50 feet of beech lost
no sea ice to protect from winter storms
uninhabitable in 10 years

26
Q

Tuvalu

A

10,000 environmental refugees

low lying achiapelago

27
Q

Bangladesh vulnerability to sea level rise

A

20m within 1 m above sea level - storm surges up the bay of bengal

28
Q

How many in poverty

A

60 million

29
Q

Flooding issues

A

80% floodplain, 70% floods annually 1/6 of land to be lost to sea

30
Q

Mitigation strats

A

2bn flood embankment project
protection of mangrove swamps,
flooding garden beds, houses on stilts, strains of resistant crops, swimming cows

31
Q

Australia GDP

A

49,000 dollars

32
Q

Percentage of population living near coasts

A

80%

33
Q

Australia risks

A

Desertification and flooding

34
Q

Costs for australia

A

Natural disasters cost 4.5 bn now, likely to be 9bn by 2030

35
Q

Australia weather events

A

Yasi cyclone, 45 degree heat wave in summer 2009

36
Q

Mitigation

A

$59bn in wetland and river management
1 billion sustainable cities fund
carbon pricing mechanism applied to 60% of emmissions
Relocation after Queensland bush fires

Geography A level (6 decks)

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