Hazards

Question 1

Risk

Answer 1

The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences

Question 2

Disaster

Answer 2

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community involving loss which exceeds the ability of the community to cope

Question 3

Disaster risk

Answer 3

Potential losses which could occur in a future time period

Question 4

Vulnerability

Answer 4

Characteristics and circumstances of a community that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard

Question 5

Hazard

Answer 5

A dangerous phenomenon may cause the loss of life or injury

Question 6

Human factors that affect response

Answer 6

• Number of people involved in incident
• Degree of community preparedness
• Technological resources
• Scientific understanding
• Education and training
• Economic wealth
• Infrastructure
• Social and political framework

Question 7

Physical factors that affect response

Answer 7

• Geographical accessibility
• Type of hazard
• Topography of region
• Climate

Question 8

Park response model

Answer 8

Models the impact of a disaster from pre- to post-disaster, considers the role of emergency relief and rehabilitation

Question 9

Stage 1 of the PRM

Answer 9

Modifying the cause and event

Question 10

Stage 2 of PRM

Answer 10

Hazardous event

Question 11

Stage 3 of PRM

Answer 11

Search and rescue and care

Question 12

Stage 4 of PRM

Answer 12

Relief and rehab period

Question 13

The role of players in hazard management

Answer 13

• Agencies (set up legislation eg Kyoto)
• Government (set up strategies and policies eg DEFRA and Environmental agency)
• Scientists (Raising awareness)
• Insurers (risk assessment)
• Planners (land-use zonation)
• Relief agencies (Post-disaster aid)
• Engineers (building design)
• Emergency services
• Media (highlight the hazard, warning)
• Communities (manage situations)

Question 14

Community preparedness

Answer 14

• Essential to ensure effective response
• Detailed planning and testing effectiveness
• Food and emergency shelter
• 80% of people saved are rescued from other survivors

Question 15

Technological fix

Answer 15

• GIS systems
• GPS systems
• remote sensing
• Reliability of radio-based transmission systems

Question 16

Disaster management cycle

Answer 16

Event
Response
Rehab
Recovery
Prevention/ mitigation
Prediction/ warning/ evacuation

Question 17

GIS used in disaster reduction

Answer 17

• Combines physical data with human and economic data
• Layers data
• Facilitate info from different data sources
• Used to identify assets at risk
• Provide support and modelling of disaster processes
• Map areas of greatest vulnerability
• generate new zoning policies
• tracks support facilities
• Emergency management

Question 18

Technology use in prediction

Answer 18

• Warn people to evacuate
• Prepare for a hazard event
• Manage impacts effectively
• Help insurance companies asses risk
• Prioritise government spending
• Cost-benefit analysis