Dealing with volcanoes Flashcards
1
Q
Types of activity
A
- Active (600 on earth)
- Extinct
- Dormant
2
Q
Long term forecasting
A
- Geological history studies
- Forecast on surrounding areas of volcanoes
- Examine layered deposits and lava flows
- Radiometric dating of deposits show past frequency
- Volcanic hazard maps made
3
Q
Short term prediction
A
- Earthquakes
- Ground deformation (inflamed surface, tilt measures)
- Changes in heat flow (surface heat will increase)
- Changes in gas composition (Volcanic vents emit more gas)
4
Q
Volcanic explosivity Index
A
- rates volcanic risk
- Based on volume of material ejected
- Ranking from 0-8
5
Q
Primary effects of volcanoes
A
- Lava flows (property)
- Pyroclastic flow (most dangerous aspects)
- Ash falls (high density tephra)
6
Q
Volcanic gases
A
- Poisonous gases like Hydrogen chloride etc can kill organisms.
- 1986 CO2 emiisions killed 1700 people and 3000 cattle
7
Q
Secondary and Tertiary effects
A
- Mudflows (lahars)
- Debris, avalanches, landslide and debris flows
- flooding
- tsunami
- earthquakes
- Atmospheric effects
8
Q
Positive effects
A
- New land
- Fertile soils
- Geothermal energy
- Mineral resources
- Industrial products
- Business opportunities
- Spas and resorts
- Recreational and tourism
