Hazards

Question 1

What are the four types of risk management strategies and how were they used in Australia (2019-20)

Answer 1

Mitigation = Fuel management + back burning
Adaptation = Greenbreaks, vegetation management
Preparation = Defensible space, emergency kits
Prevention = Public awareness

Question 2

Impacts of Australia 2019-20

Answer 2

• 5,900 buildings destroyed (2,800 homes)
• 34 deaths
• Burnt 24.3m hectares
• Millions of animals killed
• Erased A$2.8bn from the tourism sector

Question 3

Responses to Australia 2019-20

Answer 3

• $2bn recovery fund
• Fire-fighters helping
• $200m to help native wildlife + habitats
• Residents taking holidays in affected areas

Question 4

What were some of the reasons that made the Haiti earthquake so bad?

Answer 4

• Poverty
• Poor infrastructure
• Location
• Political issues
• Hurricanes
• Housing

Question 5

What were some of the reasons Cite’ Soliel was so badly affected by the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 5

Cite’ Soliel was the last place to recieve emergency supplies, and the hurricane sparked a massive increase in crime. The damage also compounded over 4 hurricanes in a six month period.

However, there was not too many fatalities because there is alot of tin shacks that are not very tall.

Question 6

What were some primary impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 6

195mph winds
7,000 killed
1.9m left homeless
Waves up to 7m!
400mm of rainfall
33m coconut trees destroyed
1.1m tonnes of crop destroyed

Question 7

What were some secondary impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 7

Roads blocked by landslides from flooding
Lack of clean water caused disease
33m coconut trees + 1.1m tonnes of crop destroyed led to 3/4 of farmers loosing their source of income!

Question 8

What were some short-term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 8

800k evacuated
Medical supplies sent out
Warning from president
Curfew to prevent looting
Power restored within a week
$1.5bn in foreign aid

Question 9

What were some long-term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 9

“Build Back Better” scheme where buildings had to comply with set standards.

No build zone in vunerable areas

Replanting of mangroves

Question 10

Primary impacts of Hurricane Sandy

Answer 10

100mph winds
286 killed
$70bn in economic damage
8.5m homes loosing power
Damage to air quality in New York City

Question 11

Secondary impacts of Hurricane Sandy

Answer 11

Storm surge
18,000 flights cancelled (NOT ICELAND)
Tide rose by 10m
Water pollution caused disease

Question 12

Primary responses to Hurricane Sandy

Answer 12

4,000 American Red Cross workers deployed
74,000 overnight stays
17m meals provided
65 disaster recovery centres set up

Question 13

Secondary responses to Hurricane Sandy

Answer 13

Rebuilding with vunerabilities in mind - costed $50bn
$95.2m donated
Rebuilding together programme

Question 14

Primary impacts of 2011 Sendai earthquake

Answer 14

15,894 died
26,152 injured
130,000 displaced
332,295 buildings destroyed
2,126 roads, 56 bridges, 11 hospitals destroyed
4.4m left without electricity

Question 15

Secondary impacts of 2011 Sendai earthquake

Answer 15

$235bn economic damage
Tsunami - waves up to 40m, killed thousands.
Tsuami polluted up to 6 miles inland
7 reactor meltdowns, 8x normal radiation
Rural areas isolated

Question 16

What type of boundary does Iceland sit on?

Answer 16

A constructive plate boundary. Iceland is a volcanic island formed by thousands of years of volcanic eruptions. pretty cool tbh

Question 17

What are some primary impacts of Eyjafallajokul (E15)?

Answer 17

0 deaths! 800 residents evacuated
Thick deposits of ash into the sky

Question 18

What are some secondary impacts of Eyjafallajokul (E15)?

Answer 18

Floods caused by melting glaciers
95,000 flights cancelled
Affected 10m passengers
This cost £3bn worldwide

Question 19

What type of eruption was Mount Merapi 2010?
What plate boundary does it sit on?

Answer 19

Vulcanian eruption (frequent and violent)
Destructive plate boundary

Question 20

What are some primary impacts of the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption?

Answer 20

353 killed, 577 injured
350,000 homeless
thick ash deposits into the sky
Lava bombs

Question 21

What are some secondary impacts of the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption?

Answer 21

Poor sanitation led to disease
Livelyhoods lost

Question 22

Impacts of Hurricane Katrina

Answer 22

Costliest hurricane in US history
1,200 deaths
120mph winds
$108bn in property damage
400,000 permentantly destroyed

Question 23

What are the 5 stages of the hazard management cycle?

Answer 23

1= EVENT
2= Response
3= Recovery
4= Mitigation
5= Preparation
REPEAT

Question 24

Features of constructive eruptions

Answer 24

Basaltic lava
Mostly lava eruptions
Regular and continous
Little violence
Gas escapes easilly

Question 25

Features of destructive eruptions

Answer 25

High silica content
Acidic, explosive lava
Layered lava + ash
Eruptions irregular
Long dormant periods
Lava bombs - ash and dust

Question 26

What are the four types of volcano?

Answer 26

Cinder Cone, Shield, Composite & Dome

Question 27

Features of icelandic eruptions

Answer 27

These come from constructive plate boundaries and from shield volcanoes. They have basaltic lava from fissures. There is lots of hot, runny lava with low viscocity which creeps out of the fissures.
“Silent but deadly”

Question 28

Features of vulcanian eruptions

Answer 28

These come from destructive plate boundaries and cinder cone volcanoes. It forms a steep hill of tephra. Lava has high viscocity and silica content because it comes from deep in the Earth. Explosive and violent. “Clearing the throat”

Question 29

Features of pilnian eruptions

Answer 29

These come from composite volcanoes and from destructive plate boundaries. It forms layers of hard ash. It is explosive and viscous as the lava comes from deep inside the Earth. They are continuous.
“A deadly storm”