Hazards Flashcards
What is a hazard
A source or situation with potential to cause harm in terms of human injury, ill-health, damage to property, the environment or a combination of these
Landforms
Young fold mountains
They form when 2. Continental plate boundary’s meet, due to them being the same density neither plate subducts. This then causes both plates to buckle and slightly submerge into the asthenosphere. A huge pressure build up is then created causing one of the plates to eventually slip and push into the lithosphere, breaking it and forming mountains
Magma plumes
Solid rock at the bottom of the asthenosphere is heated by the earths core. This causes the rock to rise nearer to the lithosphere, once heated to a certain temperature the rock becomes magma and seeps through the crust, this is then ballistic lava and forms a shield volcano. The volcano grows in size when the lava meets the sea
Island chains
Caused by the formation of a magma plume/ hot spot. Due to constant plate movement and the direction of this, the crust is moved from over the magma plume, therefore creating an inactive volcano. The new crust that goes over the magma plume then under goes the same process of the lava seeping through creating another island, due to the rotation of the plates this movement is usually curved and creates island chains. EG Hawaii
Rift valley
The lithosphere is extended ( pulled apart ) as the 2 parts of the crust move apart a central block drops in the gap formed, this block will then drop further due to the crust being further extended. Over time the boundaries of this block also drop and cause this process to happen again to those boundaries, therefore creating a rift valley EG the Somali Ethiopia valley
Mid oceanic ridge
Where plates move apart, magma rises and creates new crust. Water then flows toward the crust due to the Newley formed crust usually being between 2 continental plates.
Deep sea trenches
Oceanic plates meet a continental plate at a destructive plate boundary, the oceanic plate is subducted due to the density difference, where this plate is the furthest subducted a deep sea trench is formed . EG the Mariana Trench
Human responses and diagrams to show it ( HMC and park model )
Hazard management cycle
A 4 stage cycle built up of the hazard, response, recovery, mitigation and preparation
Response section
These are the short term responses which as search and rescue. Their main sims are to try and save lives and protect property
Recovery section.
These are the long term responses such as the rebuilding stage and the clean up of the damage caused by the hazard
Mitigation/preparing section
The 3 B, build back better. This is the period of preparing for the next event and trying to limit the damages. One way of doing this is educating people and improving infrastructure such as flood walls or earthquake resistance buildings
Pros
Pros :
- there is emphasis on the before stage which can reduce loss once the hazard occurs
- helps asses how good previous hazard management was
- reduces stress in the people as they are assured that management is taking place to reduce loss
Cons
- more applicable to HICs, as they have more money that they can spend on adapting and the quality of adaptation
- generic and unquantifiable ( cannot measure/ compare to quantifiable data to how good the management has been )
