Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

geography > hazards > Flashcards

hazards Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are hazards: define natural hazards

A

a danger to life caused without the influence of humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are hazards: define disaster

A

resultant of sudden, damaging and sometime life threatening events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are hazards: define prediction

A

an estimation of when an event will next occur, usually based on past and current knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are hazards: define mitigation

A

reducing the effects of a disaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are hazards: define perception

A

the way that we see a risk and how we react to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are hazards: define vulnerability

A

the degree to which a population is liable to be affected by a hazard or disaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are hazards: define effects

A

the results of a hazard occurring in people, the economy and the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are hazards: define hazard management

A

taking steps to reduce the impact of a disaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

plate tectonics: define lithosphere

A

the section of the earths profile that includes the crust and the upper mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

plate tectonics: define asthenosphere

A

the uppermost part of the mantle (80-200) miles beneath the surface. the layer in which the plates rest upon and move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

plate tectonics: define plate tectonics theory

A

theory that the crust is divided up into smaller sections which all float on top of the mantle and al move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

plate tectonics: define sea floor spreading

A

process by which oceanic plates split apart and new crust is formed through the rising of basaltic magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

plate tectonics: define convection currents

A

material in the upper mantle rises up and down. hot material which is less dense moves up. as it cools its density increasing causing it to fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

plate tectonics: define gravitational sliding

A

secondary form of plate movement, caused by the heavy weight of the new oceanic crust at ocean trenches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

plate tectonics: define slab pull

A

process by which dense and old oceanic crust is pulled down under less dense continental crust at subduction zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

plate tectonics: define destructive margins

A

land is destroyed as two plates move towards each other and collide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

plate tectonics: define constructive margins

A

two plates move apart creating new land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

plate tectonics: define conservative margins

A

plates move past each other but no land is destroyed. can cause earthquakes when plates get stuck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

plate tectonics: define magma plume

A

upwards flow of hotter magma then the surrounding mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

plate tectonics: define fold mountain

A

mountains made of thick accumulations of sedimentary rock which form along the edges of continents where two plates collide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

plate tectonics: define rift valley

A

narrow depression between an upland area on each side, sometimes seen near constructive plate margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

plate tectonics: define ocean ridge

A

area of raised seabed, where two tectonic plates are spread apart at a constructive margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

plate tectonics: define deep sea trench

A

deep depressions found along the seaward edge of destructive plate margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

plate tectonics: define island arc

A

often crescent-shaped line of volcanoes protruding from the ocean along a destructive margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
volcanic hazards: define plate margin
the boundary between two tectonic plates
26
volcanic hazards: define hotspot
site of a volcano away from a plate boundary ashot magma rises and melts through the crust
27
volcanic hazards: define shield volcano
landform with a central went and gently sloping sides, built up by layers of basaltic lava flows
28
volcanic hazards: define composite volcano
steep sided, pyramid shaped landform built up from alternating layers of ash and lava flows
29
volcanic hazards: define volcanic explosivity index
classification of volcanoes based on the volume of material ejected, the eruption height and the duration of the explosion
30
volcanic hazards: define nuee ardente
a mixture of volcanic rock, ash, and gases, heated to upwards of 800 degrees celsius which flows rapidly downslope
31
volcanic hazards: define lahar
generic name for material ejected from a volcano
32
volcanic hazards: define volcanic gases
sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, among others, ejected from a volcano
33
volcanic hazards: define global dimming
cooling of the atmosphere caused by the ejection of aerosols, reflecting incoming radiation back to space
34
volcanic hazards: define hazard mapping/zoning
classifying areas based on risk to inform management decisions such as land use
35
volcanic hazards: define evacuation plan
plan to temporarily move people from a hazardous area to a safe area, which can be quickly undertaken before or as a disaster happens
36
seismic hazards: define focus
the point within the earths crust from which a sudden pressure release occurs
37
seismic hazards: define epicentre
the point on the earths surface above the focus where an earthquake originated
38
seismic hazards: define seismic waves
pressure oscillation propagating through the ground, as energy is released via an earthquake
39
seismic hazards: define benioff zone
part of the subduction zone where the descending oceanic crust begins to melt into magma. the increased heat and friction at this region created a zone of earthquake hypocentres
40
seismic hazards: define magnitude
the amount of energy
41
seismic hazards: define seismometer
device used to measure earthquakes
42
seismic hazards: define tsunami
high wave at the shore with potentially devastating consequences. under-sea earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides are triggers.
43
seismic hazards: define earthquake resistant
buildings can be planned so they take less damage from earthquakes
44
seismic hazards: define retrofitting
modifying existing structures
45
storm hazards: define eye
centre of a storm, cold air sinks, conditions are calm and clear
46
storm hazards: define eye wall
rising warm air around the eye, where the worst rain and high wind occurs
47
storm hazards: define rainbands
rising air and precipitation around the storm clouds
48
storm hazards: define tracks
the path of the storms
49
storm hazards: define latent heat
heat needed to change the state but not the temperature
50
storm hazards: define coriolis effect
due to the spinning of the earth, winds are deflected - right in the northern and left in the southern hemispheres
51
storm hazards: define saffir-simpson hurricane wind scale
hurricane scale based on sustained wind speed
52
storm hazards: define storm surge
an offshore rise in sea level - low pressure weather systems and strong winds cause coastal flooding
53
storm hazards: define landfall
the region where a tropical storm males contact with the land
54
storm hazards: define evacuation
the temporary movement of people away from an area to safer areas as part of preparation for a disaster
55
storm hazards: define community preparedness
a way to ensure that viollages, towns and areas of population are able to cope with and prevent disaster during tectonic hazards
56
fires in nature: define surface fire
cool fire that burns debris on the ground
57
fires in nature: define crown fire
hot,damaging fire that burns within the canopy
58
fires in nature: define ground fire
fire that smoulders within peat
59
fires in nature: define scrubland
ecosystems of grasses and small woody buses and trees
60
fires in nature: define grassland
ecosystem which primarily consists of grasses in both tropical and temperate settings such as savannah and steppe
61
fires in nature: define wetland
ecosystem of waterlogged peat and plants with some areas of open water
62
fires in nature: define fire suspension
act of containing and stopping the spread of a fire
63
fires in nature: define arson
the criminal act of setting something on fire
64
fires in nature: define flame retardant
chemicals sprayed onto combustible material or a forest to reduce its combustibility to stop a fire spreading
65
fires in nature: define community preparedness
a way to ensure that villages, towns and area of population are able to cope with and prevent disaster during a fire

geography (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions