Hazardous Earth Tectonics Case Studies Flashcards
Where is Kilauea located?
Hawaii, USA
What type of volcano is Kilauea?
Shield volcano.
Why does Kilauea erupt?
It’s on a hotspot.
Give 2 primary impacts of Kilauea’s eruptions.
- Hot lava came into contact with seawater, causing lava to explode into the air.
- Buried Kalapana village in ~ 20m of lava in 1990.
Give 2 secondary impacts of Kilauea’s eruptions.
- Released 2000 tonnes of sulfur dioxide gas/day in 1986.
- Lava makes fertile soil, making Hawaii a good place to grow crops.
How is Kilauea managed?
Volcanologists in the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory monitor the volcano.
Give 2 ways volcanic eruptions in Kilauea predicted?
- Seismometers detect minor earthquakes caused by magma moving underground.
- Gas emissions are monitored.
Give 1 short-term/emergency response to Kilauea’s eruptions.
Pahoa village were evacuated in 2014 due to lava flowing towards the sea.
Where is Mt Pinatubo located?
The Philippines.
What type of volcano is Mount Pinatubo?
Composite volcano.
Why does Mount Pinatubo erupt?
It’s on a subduction zone.
Give 2 primary impacts of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption.
- The ash cloud made the area become cold and dark, slowing rescue operations.
- Lots of people were displaced to shanty towns or to evacuation camps.
Give 3 secondary impacts of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption.
- Global dimming - global temperatures dropped by 0.5°C temporarily due to the gas cloud.
- Rain from Typhoon Yunya mixed with the ash from the eruption, creating lahars up to 3m high.
- US air force base relocated, causing lots of people to lose their jobs.
How is Mount Pinatubo managed?
Seismologists in PHIVOLCS detect swarms of earthquakes.
Give 2 short-term/emergency responses to Mount Pinatubo’s eruption.
- Helicopters flew over the crater daily to monitor gas levels.
- Geologists mapped the distribution of previous lahar deposits to decide which areas should be evacuated first.
