Hazardous Earth Tectonics Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Kilauea located?

A

Hawaii, USA

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2
Q

What type of volcano is Kilauea?

A

Shield volcano.

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3
Q

Why does Kilauea erupt?

A

It’s on a hotspot.

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4
Q

Give 2 primary impacts of Kilauea’s eruptions.

A
  • Hot lava came into contact with seawater, causing lava to explode into the air.
  • Buried Kalapana village in ~ 20m of lava in 1990.
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5
Q

Give 2 secondary impacts of Kilauea’s eruptions.

A
  • Released 2000 tonnes of sulfur dioxide gas/day in 1986.
  • Lava makes fertile soil, making Hawaii a good place to grow crops.
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6
Q

How is Kilauea managed?

A

Volcanologists in the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory monitor the volcano.

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7
Q

Give 2 ways volcanic eruptions in Kilauea predicted?

A
  • Seismometers detect minor earthquakes caused by magma moving underground.
  • Gas emissions are monitored.
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8
Q

Give 1 short-term/emergency response to Kilauea’s eruptions.

A

Pahoa village were evacuated in 2014 due to lava flowing towards the sea.

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9
Q

Where is Mt Pinatubo located?

A

The Philippines.

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10
Q

What type of volcano is Mount Pinatubo?

A

Composite volcano.

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11
Q

Why does Mount Pinatubo erupt?

A

It’s on a subduction zone.

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12
Q

Give 2 primary impacts of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption.

A
  • The ash cloud made the area become cold and dark, slowing rescue operations.
  • Lots of people were displaced to shanty towns or to evacuation camps.
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13
Q

Give 3 secondary impacts of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption.

A
  • Global dimming - global temperatures dropped by 0.5°C temporarily due to the gas cloud.
  • Rain from Typhoon Yunya mixed with the ash from the eruption, creating lahars up to 3m high.
  • US air force base relocated, causing lots of people to lose their jobs.
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14
Q

How is Mount Pinatubo managed?

A

Seismologists in PHIVOLCS detect swarms of earthquakes.

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15
Q

Give 2 short-term/emergency responses to Mount Pinatubo’s eruption.

A
  • Helicopters flew over the crater daily to monitor gas levels.
  • Geologists mapped the distribution of previous lahar deposits to decide which areas should be evacuated first.
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16
Q

Give 2 long-term responses to Mount Pinatubo’s eruption.

A
  • Building dams to protect again lahars and flash floods.
  • Converting the abandoned US air base into an airport which employs nearly 50,000 people.