Hazardous Earth - Questions - Section A

Question 1

3 MARKERS - LIMITATIONS

Answer 1

Map of Earthquake locations
- Overlap, difficult to identify range of magnitudes
- Magnitude categories become narrower - difficult to measure

Volume of ejected material
- Volume of ‘what’ material
- Information isn’t reliable - can’t really measure material released 2 million years ago
- Degree of accuracy of date
- Diverse group of eruptions e.g Toba (island Arc) Yellowstone (continental Interior)

Sulphur Dioxide emissions
- Data gap
- Logarithmic scale - Figures are skewed
- Out of date data
- No information of how data was collected

Extract from text on tectonic hazards
- What were the hazards?
- China - No magnitude, injuries, social impacts
- Lower energy events not detailed
- Statistics are estimated
- Provenance of the text

Earthquakes occurring in Iran
- Earthquakes are not geolocated
- No information about the magnitude of the
earthquakes
- Only goes up to 2013
- Y axis is unclear - is it measuring every 3 years, or throughout 3 years

Earthquake proof building
- No indication on size, dimension
- No indication on the material used
- No indication on what magnitude earthquakes it can actually resist
- No indication on geology of ground
- No indication of the purpose of the building

Rift Valley in Iceland
- Photo - who took it, where was it taken, when was it taken, why was it taken
- How tall are the cliffs
- What’s the geology?

Global Economic Cost of natural disasters
- What natural disasters? Where?
- Who/how has the data been collected
- What is a natural disaster?
- Disproportionate effect b/w ACs and LIDCs
- Short period of time - not very recent
- No specific figures

Question 2

3 MARKERS - COMMON THEMES

Answer 2

• Locational information
  
  • Do we know where the data is?
  • Which country? Regions?
• Axes
  - Is the scale precise? Do you need to
  estimate?
  - Is there missing data?
  - Is the time/year/century accurate? Does is
  show it clearly

Doubts
- How was the data collected?
- Who produced the figure? Is there a bias?

What doesn’t the figure show?
- Magnitude
- Social/economic impacts
- Hazards
- Locations