Hazardous Earth - Case Study - Japan - Managing Earthquakes Flashcards
1
Q
How does Japan modify the event of an earthquake?
A
There is no possibility of preventing or modifying an earthquake event. However, some effects of ground shaking (i.e. landslides) can be managed
2
Q
How does Japan mitigate against vulnerability of earthquakes? (5)
A
- Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) - information/warnings of impeding quakes and tsunamis: detailed disaster planning involves wide range of organisations (govts, medical services, fire, military etc).
- Modification of building design - aseismic design: a) Rubber shock absorbers in foundations b) Soft storey: building collapses downwards but stays standing c) Stepped profile: prevents swaying d) Deep foundations = reduce liquefaction.
- Land-use zoning - controlling building in locations susceptible to excessive ground shaking/liquefaction; provides for open spaces where people can assemble after a quake.
- Warning systems - tsunami warning systems off the coast = all organised by the JMA.
- Education - community preparedness: ongoing education + training for all ages = everyone knows what to do (have to do intense training at schools).
3
Q
How does Japan mitigate against losses from earthquakes? (3)
A
- AC = vast resources = able to manage losses caused by quakes (rebuilding etc).
- Well-rehearsed recovery & reconstruction plans at national, regional and local levels = can be actioned immediately following an earthquake (JMA in charge).
- Insurance - help to rebuild houses etc -> reducing long-term problems (short-term devastation - e.g. $200 bn)
4
Q
What happened during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake that meant Japan’s management strategies had to be developed?
A
12-15m waves breached the sea wall; 10km in land in places (Sendai); Fukushima power plant destroyed (nuclear disaster).
5
Q
What developments have been made to Japan’s sea defences?
A
Post 2011, set aside $12bn to repair/build 400km of sea wall (new walls 14.7m tall, supported by 25m deep foundations).
