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Geography > Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

Hazardous Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of pressure does rising air cause and what does it form

A

Low pressure which forms unstable conditions. Caused by cool air rising

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2
Q

What type of air pressure does cool sinking air cause and what does it form as a result

A

High pressure which results in stable conditions and clear skies

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3
Q

Why is the equator hotter than polar regions

A

Because heat is mote focused on the equator and heat is distributed north and south due to the curvature of the earth

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4
Q

What is the ITCZ and name all the cells

A

The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone is made up of 3 different cells - polar, ferrel and hadley

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5
Q

Why is global circulation caused

A

Global circulation is caused by high and low air pressure

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6
Q

What is a jet stream and why is it caused

A

Caused by warm air and cold air colliding causing a strong funnel of wind. Depressions can be formed and jet streams are stronger at winter

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7
Q

Whats the correlation between co2 levels and temperature over time

A

Temperatures have fluctuated and when co2 levels are high so are temperature levels aswell.

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8
Q

What are glacials and interglacials

A

Glacials are periods of cold temperature whereas interglacials are periods in between (hot periods)

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9
Q

Explain the sunspot theory

A

Natural changes to the earths orbit and position that affect amounts of radiation from the sun

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10
Q

Explain the Eruption theory

A

Large volcanic eruptions spread around the earths atmosphere which stops sunlight causing lower temperatures

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11
Q

Explain Asteroid collision

A

An asteroid exploded and the ash from the explosion blocked sunlight causing cooling

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12
Q

Explain orbital theory

A

The earths orbit effects how much sunlight and radiation

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13
Q

Explain how tree rings can tell us of past climates

A

The width of the ring can tell us the past climate dependent on the size of the ring

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14
Q

Explain how ice cores can tell us about past climates

A

Air, co2 and elements can be found in ice cores and air bubbles can tell us of co2 levels in the past

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15
Q

Explain causes of greenhouse effect

A

Cars, planes, transport, fossil fuels, deforestation, factories and electricity

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16
Q

Impacts of climate change include

A

Floods, extreme weather, hot periods, precipitation increase, extinction

17
Q

What are tropical cyclones

A

Harsh winds and storm surges caused by energy from the sea. Sea temps need to be around 26 degrees and are only formed in low pressure areas

18
Q

What is storm track

A

The path a storm takes before dissipating

19
Q

Explain secondary hazards of tropical cyclones

A

Landslides,floods,death,lack of supplies,distruction

20
Q

What is vulnerability

A

When someone or something is at risk of being affected

21
Q

Explain 3 ways how you can predict tropical cyclones

A

Measure atmospheric pressure,satellite and radar and modelling

22
Q

What are plate tectonics

A

Theory that huge slabs of irregular shaped rocks make up the earths continents caused by convection currents

23
Q

What are conservative plate boundaries

A

Two plates moving in opposite directions at different speeds

24
Q

Explain divergent plate boundaries

A

Two plates moving in opposite directions under the ocean . Lava then erupts and hits water causing crusts to form

25
Q

Explain convergent plate boundaries

A

Two continental plates move towards eachother causing earthquakes and mountains to form

26
Q

Explain destructive plate boundaries

A

Two plates (oceanic and continental) move towards eachother. Oceanic is sub ducted underneath causing volcanoes

27
Q

What plate boundaries do volcanoes form at

A

Destructive, convergent and hotspots

28
Q

What are shield volcanoes

A

Found at constructive boundaries, low sloping side, thin runny lava, frequent but gentle eruptions

29
Q

Composite volcanoes

A

Found at destructive boundaries, pyroclastic flow rather than lava

30
Q

What is a hotspot

A

A piece of magma which forces itself up through the middle of oceanic plates

31
Q

What boundaries do earthquakes form on

A

Constructive and conservative boundaries

32
Q

What is the epicenter

A

The epicentre is the place above the hypocenter which the quake is most effective and we feel the most shaking

33
Q

What do you measure an earthquake with

A

A seisomiter measures the shaking and magnitude of the earthquake

34
Q

What are secondary hazards of an earthquake

A

Landslides tsunamis

35
Q

How are tsunamis formed

A

On a convergent plate margin an oceanic and continental plate move towards eachother and the oceanic plate is sub-ducted underneath and when enough pressure is formed the continental plate is quickly sprung up and causes a large wave to form

Geography (4 decks)

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