Hazardous Earth Flashcards
What does magnitude mean?
Used to measure the size of an earthquake at its source
What is the name of the scale earthquakes are measured on?
The Richter Scale
What causes tsunamis?
Earthquakes that occur from oceanic plates
What are the four ingredients needed for a tropical cyclone?
Sea surface temperature of 26 degrees celsius, clusters of thunderstorms, the earths rotation to create the Coriolis effect and light winds to carry the storm
What tropical storms forms over the Atlantic Ocean?
Hurricanes
What tropical storms form over the Indian Ocean?
Cyclones
What tropical storms form over the Pacific Ocean?
Typhoons
What are the natural causes for climate change?
Meteorites, volcanic activity, sun spots and orbital changes
What are the human activities causing climate change?
Industry, transport, agriculture and energy
What is the evidence for natural climate change?
Ice cores, tree rings and historical records
What are the earth’s three cells?
Polar cell, Ferrel cell and Hadley cell
What are the two types of crust?
Continental and Oceanic
Which crust type is more dense?
Oceanic
What are the four layers of earth in order of thickness?
Crust, Inner core, Outer core, Mantle
What are the types of plate boundary?
Convergent, Divergent, Collision, Conservative
What are the two types of volcano and what plate boundary are they found at?
Composite-Convergent
Shield-Divergent
What type of lava does each type of volcano have?
Composite-Thick and viscous
Shield-Thin, runny and non viscous
Which two layers of the earth are entirely solid?
Crust and Inner core
What direction do the plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
Towards each other
What is a hotspot?
An area over a mantle plume where the magma is hotter then the surrounding magma
What process causes earth’s tectonic plates to move?
Convection currents
What is the name given to the cooling period of earth?
Glacial
One example of a greenhouse gas?
Carbon dioxide
What are two reasons for global sea levels rising?
Ice caps and glaciers melting and thermal expansion
Why is the equator the hottest part of earth?
The sun’s energy is most concentrated there
What air rises to make an area of low concentration?
Hot less dense air rises
What air sinks to create an area of high concentration?
more dense, cool air sinks
On a climate graph what part is for the temperature and which part is for the precipitation?
Bars- precipitation
Line- temperature
What is the name of the developed country tropical cyclone case study, when was it and where was it?
Hurricane Katrina- 2005-US
What were 4 of the preparations for Hurricane Katrina?
-Hurricane warning
-Safe gaud homes
-Levees (sea walls to prevent flooding)
-Evacuation
What were some Immediate responses to Hurricane Katrina?
-Emergency services for law and order
-Search and rescue efforts
-700 busses were asked for, only 100 came
What were some long term responses to Hurricane Katrina?
-Pumps and levees were built
-Over seventy countries pledged monetary donations or other assistance
What is the name of the Emerging country tropical cyclone case study, when was it and where was it?
Typhoon Haiyan- 2013- Philippines
What were 3 of the responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
-Early warning system, only level 1 to start but soon grew to level 3
-People in areas at risk from flooding and land slides were evacuated
-No storm surge defences
What were some Immediate responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
-Government and aid agencies responded quick with food, water and temporary shelter
-UK Government sent emergency shelter kits
What were some long term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
-UK, Australia, Japan and US donated financial aid, supplies and medical support
-Rice farming and fishing was quickly re-established
