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Yr 9 End of Year > Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

Hazardous Earth Flashcards

1
Q

What does magnitude mean?

A

Used to measure the size of an earthquake at its source

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2
Q

What is the name of the scale earthquakes are measured on?

A

The Richter Scale

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3
Q

What causes tsunamis?

A

Earthquakes that occur from oceanic plates

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4
Q

What are the four ingredients needed for a tropical cyclone?

A

Sea surface temperature of 26 degrees celsius, clusters of thunderstorms, the earths rotation to create the Coriolis effect and light winds to carry the storm

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5
Q

What tropical storms forms over the Atlantic Ocean?

A

Hurricanes

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6
Q

What tropical storms form over the Indian Ocean?

A

Cyclones

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7
Q

What tropical storms form over the Pacific Ocean?

A

Typhoons

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8
Q

What are the natural causes for climate change?

A

Meteorites, volcanic activity, sun spots and orbital changes

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9
Q

What are the human activities causing climate change?

A

Industry, transport, agriculture and energy

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10
Q

What is the evidence for natural climate change?

A

Ice cores, tree rings and historical records

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11
Q

What are the earth’s three cells?

A

Polar cell, Ferrel cell and Hadley cell

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12
Q

What are the two types of crust?

A

Continental and Oceanic

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13
Q

Which crust type is more dense?

A

Oceanic

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14
Q

What are the four layers of earth in order of thickness?

A

Crust, Inner core, Outer core, Mantle

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15
Q

What are the types of plate boundary?

A

Convergent, Divergent, Collision, Conservative

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16
Q

What are the two types of volcano and what plate boundary are they found at?

A

Composite-Convergent
Shield-Divergent

17
Q

What type of lava does each type of volcano have?

A

Composite-Thick and viscous
Shield-Thin, runny and non viscous

18
Q

Which two layers of the earth are entirely solid?

A

Crust and Inner core

19
Q

What direction do the plates move at convergent plate boundaries?

A

Towards each other

20
Q

What is a hotspot?

A

An area over a mantle plume where the magma is hotter then the surrounding magma

21
Q

What process causes earth’s tectonic plates to move?

A

Convection currents

22
Q

What is the name given to the cooling period of earth?

A

Glacial

23
Q

One example of a greenhouse gas?

A

Carbon dioxide

24
Q

What are two reasons for global sea levels rising?

A

Ice caps and glaciers melting and thermal expansion

25
Q

Why is the equator the hottest part of earth?

A

The sun’s energy is most concentrated there

26
Q

What air rises to make an area of low concentration?

A

Hot less dense air rises

27
Q

What air sinks to create an area of high concentration?

A

more dense, cool air sinks

28
Q

On a climate graph what part is for the temperature and which part is for the precipitation?

A

Bars- precipitation
Line- temperature

29
Q

What is the name of the developed country tropical cyclone case study, when was it and where was it?

A

Hurricane Katrina- 2005-US

30
Q

What were 4 of the preparations for Hurricane Katrina?

A

-Hurricane warning
-Safe gaud homes
-Levees (sea walls to prevent flooding)
-Evacuation

31
Q

What were some Immediate responses to Hurricane Katrina?

A

-Emergency services for law and order
-Search and rescue efforts
-700 busses were asked for, only 100 came

32
Q

What were some long term responses to Hurricane Katrina?

A

-Pumps and levees were built
-Over seventy countries pledged monetary donations or other assistance

33
Q

What is the name of the Emerging country tropical cyclone case study, when was it and where was it?

A

Typhoon Haiyan- 2013- Philippines

34
Q

What were 3 of the responses to Typhoon Haiyan?

A

-Early warning system, only level 1 to start but soon grew to level 3
-People in areas at risk from flooding and land slides were evacuated
-No storm surge defences

35
Q

What were some Immediate responses to Typhoon Haiyan?

A

-Government and aid agencies responded quick with food, water and temporary shelter
-UK Government sent emergency shelter kits

36
Q

What were some long term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?

A

-UK, Australia, Japan and US donated financial aid, supplies and medical support
-Rice farming and fishing was quickly re-established

Yr 9 End of Year (5 decks)

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