Hazard risk and vulnerability Flashcards
What is risk?
The probability and severity of a person being harmed by the hazard.
State 3 reasons why people live near hazards.
- Place attachment (topophillia)
- Hazard events are unpredictable so there is often a low likeliness of high risk events occuring.
- Geothermal/hydroelectric power reduces costs.
Define frequency
How often a hazard occurs in a given period.
Define distribution
Where hazards occur geographically.
Define magnitude
The size of a hazard used to measure the intensity of a hazard (usually definable)
Define power.
The combined strength and speed of a hazard.
Define intensity.
The power of a hazard measured by the extent of damage it causes.
How can wealth impact the way a person may view a hazard?
A wealthy area may view an event as high risk if they will suffer property damage and financial loss. However, wealthy communities with sufficient funds to evacuate may view the hazard as low risk as they are less vulnerable.
What is a hazard profile?
A way of summarising the physical processes that all hazards share to help decision makers.
What is a fatalistic view (hazard perception)?
People accept dangers as inevitable (optimistic approach) and believe that hazards are part of life/acts of god.
What is an acceptance view (hazard perception)?
People accept the risk of living in a dangerous area because they think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
What is an adaptation view (hazard perception)?
A perspective that believes hazards are influenced by natural and human events so people can change their lifestyles to reduce the impacts.
What are 3 factors which increase a place’s vulnerability?
- Population growth (Urbanisation)
- Ageing population
- Ageing infrastructure
What are 3 factors which decrease a place’s vulnerability?
- Warning and emergency response systems in place
- Insurance of infrastructure
- Government disaster-assistance programmes
What is a natural hazard?
An event which is perceived top be a threat to people, the built environment and the natural environment.
What is risk-sharing?
The process of pre-arranging measures that aim to reduce the loss of life and property damage.
What are 2 examples of risk sharing programmes?
- public education
- evacuation procedures
What is salience?
The process of a government being willing and able to invest in resources to reduce the impact of hazards.
GOVERNANCE SECTION FINISH DO NOT FORGET
