Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation Flashcards
a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on humans
Hazards
the negative effect resulting from a naturally occurring event
Disaster
when the hazardous threat actually happens and harms humans
Natural Disaster
- generated from rocks breaking along a fault, producing seismic waves
- buildings can be damaged
Ground Shaking
used to tell the size of an earthquake
Richter Magnitude Scale
the change of level of the ground that a structure is settling on
Subsidence
- how far the surface moves during an earthquake
- can move objects fixed on the ground
- structures can be seriously damaged or ripped apart
Ground Displacement
submerging on an area underwater
Flooding
- huge waves of water caused by earthquakes
- capable of doing enormous damage to coastlines
Tsunamis
- only a few feet high and they occur in lakeside areas
- smaller tsunamis
Seiches
- soil breaks off resulting to falling rocks and debris
- can collide with people and property or block off roads and utility lines
Earthquake-Induced Landslides
- swift moving mixture of water and soil
- common in areas with rich soil but little vegetation
Mudflows
- mixture of soil and groundwater, developing a quicksand consistency
- can drag down the structures situated on the ground due to lack of support
Liquefaction
- molten rocks exit from volcanic vents
- its consistency varies depending on the composition
Lava Flows
- mixtures of pulverized rock, ash, and hot gases that move at hundreds of miles per hour
- up to 400 degrees
Pyroclastic Flows
- also called volcanic fallout
- Tephra is ejected from a volcanic vent and falls
Pyroclastic Falls
volcanic ash and rock
Tephra
- mud flow with volcanic debris
- can bury and bulldoze objects in their path
Lahars
- carbon dioxide
- sulfur dioxide
- flourine gas
Volcanic Gases
can displace oxygen and suffocate
Carbon Dioxide
can form sulfuric acid with water vapor
Sulfur Dioxide
corrosive and poisonous gas
Flourine Gas
- seasonal change in wind and rain patterns observed in certain parts of the world
- changes are by seasonal shifts in temperature between ocean and land
- winds blowing from the cooler oceans into the hotter landmass
Monsoons
- heavy rainfall, humid climate
- Warm and moist air from the Indian Ocean is blow towards SEA
Summer Monsoon
- cooler climate, dry season
- cooler air from land is blown to a warmer SEA
Winter Monsoon
- water is pushed towards the shore by strong winds from the storm
- can raise water levels and generate tidal waves
Storm Surge
- rapid flood, begins after a few minutes or hours of excessive flooding
Flash Flooding
- flooding in urban areas
- caused by woodlands and fields converted to roads
Urban Flooding
- the wearing away and breaking up of rock along the coast
Coastal Erosion
- sand is submersed in water during a storm, then replaced back to its original position after the storm
Submersion
- movement of saline water into freshwater
- can lead to contamination of drinking water sources
Salt water intrusion
- reducing the source of the problem
- taking steps to reduce the cause
Mitigation
- adjusting to expected changed from these problems
Adaptation
