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ASCP Exam > Hazard Categories of Chemicals > Flashcards

Hazard Categories of Chemicals Flashcards

1
Q

Classifications of hazardous chemicals (6)

A

corrosives, toxic substances, carcinogens, mutagens & teratogens, ignitables, and reactives

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2
Q

examples of corrosives (3)

A

glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide

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3
Q

effect of corrosives

A

visible destruction of human tissue on contact; can cause injury on inhalation or contact

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4
Q

comments on corrosives

A

chemicals with a pH 12; separate inorganic acids from organic acids. concentrated acids and bases can generate large amounts of heat when mixed with water

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5
Q

examples of toxic substances (2)

A

cyanides and sulfides

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6
Q

effects of toxic substances

A

interfere with metabolic processes when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin

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7
Q

comments on toxic substances

A

threshold limit values (TLVs) = safe level of exposure

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8
Q

examples of carcinogens (2)

A

benzidine and formaldehyde

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9
Q

effect of carcinogens

A

capable of causing cancer

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10
Q

comments on carcinogens

A

OSHA requires monitoring of formaldehyde exposure

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11
Q

examples of mutagens and teratogens (5)

A

benzene, lead, mercury, radioactive material, toluene

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12
Q

effects of mutagens and teratogens

A

mutagens induce genetic mutations, teratogens cause defects in embryo

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13
Q

comments on mutagens and teratogens

A

special precautions during pregnancy

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14
Q

examples of ignitables (4)

A

acetone, alcohols, ether, xylene

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15
Q

effect of ignitables

A

fire

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16
Q

comments on ignitables

A

flashpoint = lowest temp that produces ignitable vapor. Flammables <100F; combustibles ≥100F

17
Q

examples of reactives (4)

A

ether, perchloric acid, picric acid, sodium azide

18
Q

effect of reactives

A

explosion

19
Q

comments on reactives

A

ether forms explosive peroxides on exposure to air or light; store in explosion-proof refrigerator. Perchloric acid may react explosively with organic compounds; separate from other acids. Picric acid is shock sensitive when dehydrated; more powerful than TNT. Sodium azide solutions can form explosive lead or copper azides in drains

ASCP Exam (16 decks)

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