Harvesting Energy in Cells Flashcards
Process by which cells break down organic compounds and produce ATP
Cellular respiration
What is the equation for cellular respiration
organic compounds + O2 = CO2 + water + ATP
True or false
Autotrophs and heterotrophs both use cellular respiration
true
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together?
The products of cell respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis and the products of photosynthesis are reactants in cellular respiration.
Where does cellular respiration occur?
cytosol of the mitochondria
When given O2 and glucose, cellular respiration produces …
ATP, CO2, H2O
What does photosynthesis use and produce?
it uses CO2 and H2O and produces O2 and glucose
What does cellular respiration use and produce?
It uses O2 and glucose and produces CO2 and H2O
Where is photosynthesis located?
stroma of chloroplast
What are the two possible pathways of a cell getting energy?
Cellular respiration and Fermentation
What is the process of cellular respiration?
organic compounds–>glycolysis –> pyruvic acid + ATP –> aerobic respiration –> CO2 + H2O –> ATP
organic compounds–>glycolysis –> pyruvic acid + ATP –> aerobic respiration –> CO2 + H2O –> ATP (what pathway)
cellular respiration
What is the process of fermentation?
organic compounds –> glycolysis –> pyruvic acid + ATP –> anaerobic pathways –> lactic acid, ethyl alchol, or other compounds
organic compounds –> glycolysis –> pyruvic acid + ATP –> anaerobic pathways –> lactic acid, ethyl alchol, or other compounds (what process)
fermentation
What pathway does glycolysis occur in?
cellular respiration and fermentation
Where is glycolysis located in?
cytosol
What is the net yield of glycolysis?
2 ATP per 1 glucose
What is the process of glycolysis?
Two ATP molecules are used to break glucose into smaller units. A phosphate group is added to the 6 carbon compound. Each three carbon compound reacts with a phosphate group. Hydrogen atoms are transferred to NAD+, producing NADH. Each thrree carbon sugar is converted to a 3 carbon molecule of pyruvate. Four ATP molecules are produced.
When does fermentation occur?
When there is no oxygen
What happens when there is no oxygen?
Fermentation occurs
What is the process of fermentation?
pyruvic acid –> lactic acid, ethyl alcohol, NAD+
what can stop fermentation being used and make glycolysis continue?
when NAD+ is made
What are the two types of fermentation?
lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation
What is the difference between Lactic acid and alcoholic?
Lactic turns pyruvic acid into a three carbon compound while alcoholic turn pyruvic into ethyl alcohol and CO2
What is the process of lactic acid?
6cs (glucose) –> glycolysis –> 3cs (pyruvic acid)
–> 3cs (lactic acid)
what is the process of alcoholic fermentation?
6cs (glucose) –> glycolysis –> 3cs (pyruvic acid)
–> CO2 and 2cs (2 carbon compound) –> 2cs (ethyl alcohol)
how much percent of the energy available is captured as ATP through glycolysis
2 percent
The energy in glucose in fermentation is held in …
pyruvic acid
glycolysis alone or as a part of fermentation =
not very efficient
What are the stages of aerobic respiration?
krebs cycle and electron transport chain
where is the krebs cycle loacted?
mitochondrial matrix
what does the krebs cycle make?
NADH
the electron transport chain is located in the …
inner membrane
the electron transport chain turns …
NADH –> ATP
What is the process of the Krebs Cycle?
Pyruvic acid + Co-enzyme A –> Acetyl CoA
What is the last stage of cellular respiration
electron transport chain
What are the three stages of cellular respiration
glycolysis
krebs cycle
electron transport cahin and chemiosmosis
What are the two turns of krebs cycle
4 CO2 molecule
2ATP
hydrogen atoms –> 6NADH, 2 FADH2
In the krebs cycle, the bulk of energy is still not
transferred to ATP
1 glucose equals
38 ATP
Most eukaryotes make
36 ATP
Cellular respiration is 20 more efficient than
Glycolysis
