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Biology > Harvesting Energy in Cells > Flashcards

Harvesting Energy in Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Process by which cells break down organic compounds and produce ATP

A

Cellular respiration

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2
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration

A

organic compounds + O2 = CO2 + water + ATP

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3
Q

True or false

Autotrophs and heterotrophs both use cellular respiration

A

true

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4
Q

How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together?

A

The products of cell respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis and the products of photosynthesis are reactants in cellular respiration.

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5
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

cytosol of the mitochondria

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6
Q

When given O2 and glucose, cellular respiration produces …

A

ATP, CO2, H2O

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7
Q

What does photosynthesis use and produce?

A

it uses CO2 and H2O and produces O2 and glucose

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8
Q

What does cellular respiration use and produce?

A

It uses O2 and glucose and produces CO2 and H2O

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9
Q

Where is photosynthesis located?

A

stroma of chloroplast

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10
Q

What are the two possible pathways of a cell getting energy?

A

Cellular respiration and Fermentation

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11
Q

What is the process of cellular respiration?

A

organic compounds–>glycolysis –> pyruvic acid + ATP –> aerobic respiration –> CO2 + H2O –> ATP

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12
Q

organic compounds–>glycolysis –> pyruvic acid + ATP –> aerobic respiration –> CO2 + H2O –> ATP (what pathway)

A

cellular respiration

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13
Q

What is the process of fermentation?

A

organic compounds –> glycolysis –> pyruvic acid + ATP –> anaerobic pathways –> lactic acid, ethyl alchol, or other compounds

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14
Q

organic compounds –> glycolysis –> pyruvic acid + ATP –> anaerobic pathways –> lactic acid, ethyl alchol, or other compounds (what process)

A

fermentation

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15
Q

What pathway does glycolysis occur in?

A

cellular respiration and fermentation

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16
Q

Where is glycolysis located in?

A

cytosol

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17
Q

What is the net yield of glycolysis?

A

2 ATP per 1 glucose

18
Q

What is the process of glycolysis?

A

Two ATP molecules are used to break glucose into smaller units. A phosphate group is added to the 6 carbon compound. Each three carbon compound reacts with a phosphate group. Hydrogen atoms are transferred to NAD+, producing NADH. Each thrree carbon sugar is converted to a 3 carbon molecule of pyruvate. Four ATP molecules are produced.

19
Q

When does fermentation occur?

A

When there is no oxygen

20
Q

What happens when there is no oxygen?

A

Fermentation occurs

21
Q

What is the process of fermentation?

A

pyruvic acid –> lactic acid, ethyl alcohol, NAD+

22
Q

what can stop fermentation being used and make glycolysis continue?

A

when NAD+ is made

23
Q

What are the two types of fermentation?

A

lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation

24
Q

What is the difference between Lactic acid and alcoholic?

A

Lactic turns pyruvic acid into a three carbon compound while alcoholic turn pyruvic into ethyl alcohol and CO2

25
Q

What is the process of lactic acid?

A

6cs (glucose) –> glycolysis –> 3cs (pyruvic acid)

–> 3cs (lactic acid)

26
Q

what is the process of alcoholic fermentation?

A

6cs (glucose) –> glycolysis –> 3cs (pyruvic acid)

–> CO2 and 2cs (2 carbon compound) –> 2cs (ethyl alcohol)

27
Q

how much percent of the energy available is captured as ATP through glycolysis

A

2 percent

28
Q

The energy in glucose in fermentation is held in …

A

pyruvic acid

29
Q

glycolysis alone or as a part of fermentation =

A

not very efficient

30
Q

What are the stages of aerobic respiration?

A

krebs cycle and electron transport chain

31
Q

where is the krebs cycle loacted?

A

mitochondrial matrix

32
Q

what does the krebs cycle make?

A

NADH

33
Q

the electron transport chain is located in the …

A

inner membrane

34
Q

the electron transport chain turns …

A

NADH –> ATP

35
Q

What is the process of the Krebs Cycle?

A

Pyruvic acid + Co-enzyme A –> Acetyl CoA

36
Q

What is the last stage of cellular respiration

A

electron transport chain

37
Q

What are the three stages of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis
krebs cycle
electron transport cahin and chemiosmosis

38
Q

What are the two turns of krebs cycle

A

4 CO2 molecule
2ATP
hydrogen atoms –> 6NADH, 2 FADH2

39
Q

In the krebs cycle, the bulk of energy is still not

A

transferred to ATP

40
Q

1 glucose equals

A

38 ATP

41
Q

Most eukaryotes make

A

36 ATP

42
Q

Cellular respiration is 20 more efficient than

A

Glycolysis

Biology (6 decks)

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