Hartman (2015) Flashcards
What is active land policy?
A land management approach where municipalities buy, develop, and sell land, often in collaboration with private developers.
What is mandatory land readjustment?
A process where land parcels are rearranged and redistributed among landowners to facilitate urban development without outright expropriation.
What are the four main criteria used to compare land management approaches?
Democratic legitimacy, effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness
How does the Dutch active land policy approach democratic legitimacy?
Focuses on results – the legitimacy comes from the quality of the final development rather than strict adherence to procedures.
How does German mandatory land readjustment ensure democratic legitimacy?
Focuses on process – legitimacy comes from following well-defined legal procedures and protecting landowners’ rights.
Why is Dutch active land policy considered more effective?
Faster implementation, as municipalities directly invest in and control land development.
Why is German land readjustment considered less effective?
Slower implementation, as development depends on landowners cooperating with municipal plans
What is the financial risk associated with Dutch active land policy?
High financial risk for municipalities, as they buy and develop land before selling it.
How does German mandatory land readjustment reduce financial risk?
Municipalities do not buy land, so they avoid financial risk. Costs are covered by landowners benefiting from development.
Which approach is considered fairer to individual landowners?
German mandatory land readjustment, as landowners retain ownership and receive proportional value in land.
How does Dutch active land policy generate public benefits?
Municipalities capture land value increases and reinvest in public services and social housing.
What are two strengths of Dutch active land policy?
Quick urban development
Strong public-private partnerships
What are two weaknesses of Dutch active land policy?
High financial risks for municipalities
Potential manipulation of planning decisions
What are two strengths of German mandatory land readjustment?
Fairer distribution of land value
No financial burden on municipalities
What are two weaknesses of German mandatory land readjustment?
Slower development process
Less control over final outcomes
Why is it difficult to adopt elements of one system into another?
Each system is deeply embedded in its legal, institutional, and cultural context, making transitions complex.
Which system is more crisis-resistant and why?
German land readjustment is more stable because municipalities do not take financial risks.
