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haroon ICS > haroon pharmacology > Flashcards

haroon pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

2 routes of administration

A

enteric - oral, rectal (GI TRACT INVOLVED)

parenteral - IM, IV, SC (NO GI TRACT INVOLVED)

others - inhaled and topical

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2
Q

what do drugs target

A
  1. receptors
  2. enzymes
  3. transporters
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3
Q

what is a ligand

A

anythung that binds to a receptor - agonost or antagonist

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4
Q

describe agonist

A

full affinity
full efficacy

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5
Q

describe antagonist

A

full affinity
zero efficiacy

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6
Q

wjhat is potency

A

how well a drug works and how much is needed to get a response

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7
Q

example of selective b blocer

A

atenolol - only binds to b1

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8
Q

example of non selective beta blockr

A

propanolol - binds to b1 and b2

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9
Q

what do NSAIDS do

A

inhibit COX 1
prevent arachidonic acid
decrease prostaglandin production
affects GI mucosa
gastruc ulcer

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10
Q

what dp ACE-I do

A

inhibit angiotension 1 to 2
antihypertensive

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11
Q

what d PPIS do

A

irreversible inhibition of h+ k+ ATPase pumps
decrease gastric ph

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12
Q

3 types of diuretics

A

loop
thiazides
spirooloactone

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13
Q

where are loop dieutucs

A

ascending limb
inhibit NKCC2 symporter

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14
Q

where are thiazde direuctis

A

DCT
inhibit nacl co transpter

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15
Q

what us spironolactone

A

K+ SPARRING DIURETUC

inhibits aldosterne action BY INHIBITING ENAC CHANNELS IN COLLECTING DUCT SO MORE WATER AND SODUM EXCRETED AND POTASSIUM IS RETAINED

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16
Q

describe process of pharmacokinetics

A
  1. administration
  2. distribution
  3. metabolism
  4. excretiin
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17
Q

what is bioavailabulity

A

how fast and to what extent drug reaches systemic circulation

iv is always 100%

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18
Q

where are drugs metabolised

A

kidneys - small water soluble

liver - hydrophic molecules

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19
Q

phase 1 druf metabolism

A

microsomal enzymes increase hydrophlicity mildly

eg cyp450

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20
Q

phase 2 drug metabolism

A

conjugation causes major increase in hydrophilicity

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21
Q

describe autonomic PSNS

A

nicotinic ach at synpases

ach at nmj

mAch R muscarinic

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22
Q

describe autonomic SNS

A

nicotinic ach at synpases

nAD at nmj

NAch R nicotinic

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23
Q

descrive somatic ns

A

nicotinic ach at synpases

ach at nmj

NAch R nictonicc

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24
Q

what happens to ach at nmj

A
  1. synthesis
  2. vesicle storage
  3. release
  4. breakdown
  5. re uptake
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25
Q

what drugs are there at nmj

A
  1. botulinim toxin - negatuve
  2. curative nach - r antagonist - negatuve
  3. ach-ase inhibitors - positive
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26
Q

what causes cholinergic crisis

A

overstimulation of Ach at nmj - SLUDGE

Salivatio
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gi distress
Emesis vomiting

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27
Q

what neurotransmiiter in paraystmpathetic

A

ach

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28
Q

what neurotransmiiter in stmpathetic

A

nad

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29
Q

effect of paraympathetic

A

bronchoconcstricition

increase gi motility and secretion

bladder contraction

penis points - erect

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30
Q

effect of sympathetic

A

bronchdilation

decrease gi motility and secretion

detrustor relaxes

penis shoots - ejaculation

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31
Q

where are m1 receptrs

A

brain

32
Q

where are m2 receptors

A

heart

33
Q

where are m3 receptors

A

lumgs

34
Q

what to give for CAP

A

amoxicillin/arithromycin

35
Q

what to give for COPD exacerbation

A

amoxicclion/c;arithromycin

doxyclcine

36
Q

what. togive for HAP

A

co amoxiclav - 3x daily 500mg

37
Q

what to give for cellulitis

A

floxacillin for group b strep or staph aureus

38
Q

what to give for pyelonephritis

A

cefalexin, co amoxiclav

39
Q

what to give for chalmidya

A

azithrromycin or doxyclcine

40
Q

what. togive fo rgonorrhea

A

im ceftriazxone or azithromycin

41
Q

what to give for syphillus

A

benzathinr penicil / benzylpeniccilin

42
Q

what ti gve for gastrotenteritis

A

campylobacter –> clarithromycin

salomella + shigells –> ciprofloxacin

43
Q

what to give for. cdifficule

A

vancomycin 125 mg

44
Q

what to give for ifnective endocardiiyis

A

stapj aureus –> vancomycin and rifampacin

s viridans –> benzylpeniccilin and gentamicin

45
Q

what to give fo rmeningitis in hos[ital

A

3rd gen cephalosporin ceftriaxone

amoxicillin for listeria

+ steroids simulatenosuly

46
Q

4 types of pain

A

acute
cancer
neuropathic
chronic non cncer

47
Q

what are ADRs reported to

A

MHRA yellow card scheme

48
Q

name of drug classication for ADR

A

RAWLINS THOMPSN

49
Q

WHAT IS ADR ABCDE

A

augmented
bizarre
chronic
delayed
end of use

50
Q

what affects drug absorption

A

acidity
motility
solublity

51
Q

what affects drug distrbution

A

protein binding

52
Q

what affects drug metabolusm

A
  1. cyp450- induction decreases therapteuc efecr
  2. cyp450 inhibition increases theraptueic effecr
53
Q

what affects drug excreetion

A

urine ph

54
Q

2 types of opioids

A

naturally occuring - morhphone + codeine

modified - dimorphine

55
Q

opipid oral bioavaility

A

50%

56
Q

tretament for resp distress

A

naloxone

57
Q

what causes opioid tolerance

A

over stimulation of opipid receptor desensitises the effect

58
Q

what causes opioid dependence

A

psychological state of craving how u feel

59
Q

what does aspirin do

A

inhibits cox1(andcox 2 but 1 more)
decrease thromboxane a2

60
Q

what does clopidogrel do

A

inhibits p2y12

61
Q

2 anti plateklts

A

aspirin. andclopidogrel

62
Q

4 anticoagulamts

A

heparin
warfarin
DOAC
thrombolysis eg altpease

63
Q

what does heparin do

A

acrivates antithrombin 3 and inhibits factor 10

64
Q

what does warfarin do

A

anti vtamin K

inhibits vitamin k epoxide reducatse

65
Q

what do doacs do

A

inhibitors of activated factor 10

eg apixaban

66
Q

what do thrombolytics do

A

tissue plasminogen activatir

activates plasmin to degrate fibrin

67
Q

what to give if patient on wafatin is bleeding

A

vit k

68
Q

impact of cox 1 inhibition

A
  • decrease gastric mucosal potectant
  • increase somtach ph
  • increase risk f gastropathy
69
Q

impact of cox 2 inhibition

A

anti inflmmatory

70
Q

nsaids common SE

A

peptic ulcers or bleeds

71
Q

ACE - I common se

A

DRY COUGH - due to bradykinin accumulation in lungs

AKI due to decreased gFR due to dilation of glomerulus

72
Q

ppi common SE

A

prolonges use increases fracture risk

73
Q

opioids comon se

A

resp distress
n+v
tolerance +dependence

74
Q

loop duiretcs and thiazides common se

A

hypokalaemia
dehydration

75
Q

spironolocatone common se

A

hyperkalsmeia

76
Q

SIDE EFFECTS OF STEROIDS

A

cushingoid map

cataracts
ulcets
striae
hypertenson
infection increases risk
necrosis
growth restriction
osteoporosis
increase icp
T2DM
myopathy
adipose hypertrophy
pancreatitis

haroon ICS (3 decks)

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